Defense of the dissertation of Максутова Альбина Aбеновна for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the specialty «6D020300 - Тарих»
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, a dissertation defense for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Максутова Альбина Aбеновна on the topic ««The history of study «Tarikh-i Rashidi» by Mohammed Haidar Dulati» » in the field of «6D020300 – Тарих».
The dissertation was carried out at the «History of Kazakhstan» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.
The language of defense is kazakh
Reviewers:
Искакова Галия Зейдилдаевна - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Картова Зауре Кенесовна - Candidate of Science, Assistant Professor, Dean of the Faculty
Temporary members of the Dissertation Committee:
Шамшиденова Факия Мешведеновна - Candidate of Science, Assistant Professor
Енсепов Бауыржан Бердикожаевич - Candidate of Science
Буканова Роза Гафаровна - Doctor of Science, Professor, professor
Academic Advisors:
Kumekov Bolat – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Ahmet Tashagyl – Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), professor at Yeditepe University (Istanbul, Republic of Turkey)
The defense will take place on December 20, 2023, at 03:00 PM in the Dissertation Council for the training direction «8D022 – %!s(*string=0xc0064083d0)» in the specialty «6D020300 – Тарих» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The defense meeting is planned to be held online.
Link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85739297713?pwd=Tm5jdTVRbXdyMDdiNTA3VGd6YXJiZz09, ID: 857 3929 7713, code: 738830.
Address: г. Астана, ул. Пушкина, 11, 324 аудитория
Abstract (English): ABSTRACT dissertation work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Albina Abenovna Maksutova in the specialty «6D020300 – History» on the topic «The history of study «Tarikh-i Rashidi» by Mohammed Haidar Dulati» Relevance of the research work. Under Soviet rule, we almost lost our language and religion, our traditions and customs, our history and literature. Our history has been distorted by seventy years of subjugation. The legacy of the famous scientists of our vast steppe was gradually forgotten. One of these people was the great statesman, commander, historian-scientist, writer, diplomat, poet Muhammad Haidar Dulati. He lived at a time when the Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Uzbek Turkic peoples began to form into a nation. He left a great written legacy. Among them is the classic work «Tarikh-i Rashidi», which tells about history, ethnography and geography, life and economics, literature and culture, science and education, public administration and military affairs, diplomatic and economic relations of the peoples of Central Asia in the 13th-16th centuries ., about the Kazakh Khanate, as well as about the events that he witnessed, which he studied, a work that is a written monument of great social and historical significance. Written sources in Persian dating back to the 13th-16th centuries contain a lot of important and valuable information about Kazakhstan, and due to the fact that this information has great educational and informational value, it is of great importance for the history of the Fatherland. They are distinguished by their historical accuracy compared to written data on the topic in other languages. Such written monuments are works that continue the past and present life of certain heritages, refreshing the historical memory of the people. Such valuable works, which have preserved the information basis of medieval culture, enriched it in content and data, and have survived to this day, occupy a special place in the history of the country. The reason is that these data represent various political movements and their features, the state and social structure of the Kazakh land: population, cities, economy, trade routes, traditions... Remarkable information about spiritual life is grouped. Since historiography is a scientific discipline that studies the «history of historical science», one of the main issues facing historical science today is the study of the degree of influence on the development of historical social conditions in the Middle Ages and the social role that the science of history played in that era, the assessment of the historical concepts of the times of Muhammad Haidara Dulati, study of the methodological principles of historical views of various directions, analysis of the historiographical foundations of the work . Since the main aspects of the mentioned studies are closely interrelated, science now has the opportunity to correctly review the main direction of development of historiography, as well as to identify current issues in the study of history and apply the experience of historical knowledge when presenting history, taking into account new approaches and views . In the process of clarifying the main directions of research work, comprehensive work was carried out based on the recommendations of the scientific supervisor and academician B.E. Kumekov, in order to study the theoretical and methodological analysis of the work of Muhammad Haidar Dulati from a historical point of view. There was also an exchange of experience with famous researchers (A. Derbisali, A. Daulekhan, A. Zhumadil, M. Alpysbes, J. Zhomart, R. Orazov) and work was carried out using the library fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after R.B. Suleimenov, Institute of History of the Medieval Period and Ethnology named after Sh.Sh. Valikhanova. Also, the materials necessary for the research were obtained from the library fund of the Yeditepe University of the Republic of Turkey, the fund of medieval historical books of the largest Issam Library in Istanbul and from the library fund of the Mirzo Ulugbek International University, the Republic of Uzbekistan. Of particular importance are the studies of the pioneers in Dulatiscience, the first Kazakh scientist, traveler Sh. Valikhanov and academician A. Margulan. It is known that during a secret trip to Kashkaria in 1858, Sh. Valikhanov took away several manuscripts and other rare items. Sh. Valikhanov wrote a scientific book entitled «From Tarikh-i Rashidi» and for the first time noted that such a valuable work is still unknown to European scientists. He compiled a genealogical table of the great scientist M.Kh. Dulati, and also for the first time translated into Russian the necessary parts of the contents of the manuscript from «Tarikh-i Rashidi» . That is why Sh. Valikhanov is the first translator of «Tarikh-i Rashidi», a researcher of the heritage of Dulati. In 1941, A. Margulan published an article «Muhammad Haydar - the first Kazakh historian» in the magazine «Debiet Zhane Art». Later, the scientist supplemented this article and republished it in 1966 in the journal «Bilim zhane enbek» (No. 2, 7). Of course, A. Margulan in this article for the first time revealed to the world that Muhammad Haydar Dulati was a relative of the Kazakhs: «Muhammad Haydar Dulati was from the Dulat clan of the Senior Zhuz. His ancestors were famous Kazakh biys who participated in the political and social life of the population of Central Asia and occupied a special place in history. He and the famous Mikey bi, who is still mentioned in the mouths of the people and Tole bi from the senior zhuz of Uysun, were relatives and became famous for caring for the people.» A. Margulan in this article gives a brief summary of the personality of Muhammad Haydar and his activities, dwells on important aspects and informs the reader about them. With the acquisition of independence of Kazakhstan, we have the opportunity to take a critical look at our past history. Indeed, many studies have emerged in a new format that can fill historical gaps into historical justifications, free from old views, ideological biases and imperial approaches. Therefore, in the modern period, a modern assessment of Mirza Haydar and his work «Tarikh-i Rashidi» and determination of their place in the system of world values is relevant. It is based on uncovering gaps in past research and translations, as well as exposing distorted conclusions about the information contained in the work. Today, the question on the agenda is which studies to conduct and which ones to refuse. Therefore, the topic we are considering is in itself relevant. Purpose and objectives of the study. The main goal of the work is to conduct a historical analysis of the process of researching the work of M.Kh. Dulati «Tarikh-i Rashidi», identification and systematization of historiographical trends through historical analysis through a comparative study of the research of scientists from Central Asia, the CIS, Kazakhstan on the world-famous historical heritage of Dulati. Main objectives of the study Determination of the documentary-historical foundations of M.Kh.’s research. Dulati, the place of «Tarikh-i Rashidi» in historiographical research, the significance of new historiographical trends in the years of independence in relation to the work of M.Kh. Dulati «Tarikh-i Rashidi»; Studying the influence of historical research in the Turkic world of the 18th-19th centuries. on the history of Mogulistan on the works of subsequent historians; Analysis of the fundamentals of studying the creativity of M.Kh. Dulati as the main source of the Kazakh Khanate; Analysis of historical aspects of philosophical and ideological principles of historiographic studies of labor M.Kh. Dulati from the perspective of the history of Central Asian countries and in the work «Tarikh-i Rashidi»; Systematization of the works of researchers of connections between historical and geographical issues in the work «Tarikh-i Rashidi»; Determine the historiographical aspects of the level of cultural and philosophical issues in the work «Tarikh-i Rashidi». Chronological circle of research . Historical information and research related to the studied «Tarikh-i Rashidi» cover the period from the mid-19th century to the present day. This shows that historians of the world do not ignore the life and work of Mirza Haydar. Object of study: History of the study of the work of M.Kh. Dulati «Tarikh-i Rashidi». Consider historical analysis in the context of issues related to the study of medieval Kazakhstan and its historians of Central Asia. Subject of study. The socio-historical significance of M. H. Dulati’s work «Tarikh-i Rashidi». Factual basis of research paper . The sources of the dissertation are Russian, Kazakh, English, Turkish, Persian and Uyghur editions of the works of Mr. Haidar Dulati, as well as the works of Professor Mansura Haidar of the Aligarh University of India. The sequence of sources used is as follows: 1. Mirza Mohammed Haydar. Tarikh-i Rashidi. Introduction, translation from Persian by A. Urunbaeva, R.P. Dzhalilova, L.M. Epifanova - Tashkent city, 1996. 2. Mirza Muhammad Haydar Dulati. Tarikh-i Rashidi. Translation from Persian Islam by Jemeney. Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor Absattar Derbisali, who headed the general editorial office and wrote the preface. Almaty, 2003. 3. Tarih-I residi . Geride Biraktiklarimizin hikayesi . Mirza Haydar Dughlat . Turkce Cevizi Osman Karatay. - Istanbul , 2006 (turki tilinde). 4. Mirza Haydar Dughlat's Tarikh-I Rashidi. A History of the Khans of Moghulistan . Persian text edited by WM Thackston. Published at Harvard University. Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations. 1996. Institut für Islamiwissenschaft universitat Bern. 5. M.H. Dulati Tarikh-i-Rashidi: artistic and memoir work / room. Mukhtar Kazybek, Absattar Nuraliev. - Almaty: Miras Publishing House, 2015. 6. Pulad Kadiri. History of Ulka. - Urumqi, 1947. - Part 1 (in Uyghur language). 7. Mr. Muhammad Haidar Dulati. Tarikh-i Rashidi. Translation from English by Wang Zhelai. - Urumqi, 1983 (in Chinese). - 600 rub. [89] 8. Mirza Mohammed Haydar Aeziy. Zhan nama . - Tashkent: «Fan», 1999 (in Uzbek). Haidar Dulati's work «Tarikh-i Rashidi» represents a valuable heritage, distinguished by the value of its content and data. Due to the cultural and historical importance of the work, many scientists over the centuries have used it and referred to it in their works. Also, Kazakh and Uyghur scientists of Xinjiang used the epics «Tarikh-i Rashidi» and «Jahan Name». Territorial circle of study. The current Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the People's Republic of China, the Republic of India belong to the territorial circle of the study. Level of research on the topic. Since the historical analysis will be covered in the main chapters of the research work, we will limit ourselves to brief information in the introduction. The imperfection of science, the history of Kazakhstan requires us to improve it in accordance with the ongoing political and economic transformations and the needs of an independent nation. It should be noted that during the years of independence, fundamental successes have been achieved in writing our true history. Based on the statement that «the science of historical source study is a systemic science that has its own characteristics and laws, methodology and theoretical principles, research methods and ways. There is no doubt that in the future it will take shape in our country as an important branch of historical science and will take its rightful place in the history of Kazakhstan,» we tried to determine the contribution of this study to the historiography of Kazakhstan. Muhammad Haydar Dulati and his work began to attract the attention of historians and scholars in the second half of the 16th century. Historians from different countries, orientalists, geographers, philologists, philosophers and even psychologists used the works of the famous scientist as a source of information. Despite the fact that several generations of scholars have paid attention to Muhammad Haydar and his works and used them as a source in their works, he has not yet been studied systematically, comprehensively and deeply. His work made a great contribution to the study of Kazakh history and culture. Analysis of the quality and degree of research of such a unique invaluable world as «Tarikh-i Rashidi» containing valuable data from the medieval period of the country’s history is one of the pressing problems of the modern science of the history of Kazakhstan. Because it can make a significant contribution to the recognition of this work at the global level, to the understanding and appreciation of its contribution to science. Of particular importance is also the presentation of Muhammad Haidar Dulati as a historical figure and a great thinker, scientist and the educational value of his work. Looking at the great people of our country with warm respect means looking at our past and future, that is, at the fate of our generation, with responsibility. Life and views of M.Kh. Dulati on society were formed against the backdrop of interstate tension and national disagreements. However, wherever he was, he was united with his native land and people. He believed in reason, showed sensitivity to life, and wanted the social environment to be conscientious, virtuous and pure. Turkic-Arab history. Muhammad Haydar was the successor and used their works, namely: Jamal ad-din Karshi, Juvaini, Rashid ad-Din, Hamdallah Qazwini, Abd ar-Razzaq Samarkandi, Sharaf ad-din, Ali Yazdi and others. One of the first users of the work of Muhammad Haydar is the author of «Tarikh» («Chronicles») Shah-Mahmud Shoras, whose work was written around 1676-77, who may have used data from «Tarikh-i Rashidi» during the consideration of Kazakh-Mughal relations in XVI-XVII centuries. When conducting a historical analysis, special attention was paid to the level of research on «Tarikh-i Rashidi» in the works of today’s Iranian scientists Abbaskuli Ghaffari Fard, Aliaskar Hekmat and Ahmad Monzavi, their opinion in relation to this issue, as well as what questions they were asking thoroughly researched. It should be noted that the historical events between the Mughals and Iran in the 15th-16th centuries in the II books of Muhammad Haydar were well analyzed, however, Iranian historians remained silent about information related to the Kazakh Khanate. The English discovered the work in India in the 19th century, and it was published twice in London in 1895 and 1898, translated by the famous orientalist Denison Ross. Thanks to this translation, European residents were able to fully familiarize themselves with the biography and content of Mr. Haidar’s works. Thus, even before the release of the English translation, «Tarikh-i Rashidi» attracted the attention of Russian orientalists as one of the outstanding written monuments of historical literature of Muslim countries of the 16th century. For this reason, the special place of Muhammad Haidar Dulati and his works in the history of scientists in Russia and the CIS countries should be noted. In the study of our topic from a historical point of view, among Russian oriental historians, the works of V.V. are in the first row. Bartold and V.V. Velyaminova-Zernova. Also, the research was studied and the conclusions of K. Zaleman and A. Kuropatkin, who relied on «Tarikh-i Rashidi» as a reliable source of information, were considered. Soviet history . During the Soviet period, the interest of oriental historians in studying the works of M.Kh. Dulati has increased. In the works of A.M. Muginov «Description of Turkic manuscripts of the Institute of Asian Peoples», «Description of Uyghur manuscripts of the Institute of Asian Peoples», as well as in the works of N.D. Miklouho-Maclay, as part of the study of Persian and Tajik manuscripts, paid special attention to the historiographical content of the work. Among those who studied the work of Mr. Khaidar from Soviet orientalists, it is impossible to ignore the work of T. Sultanov, O. Akimushkin and P. Ivanov. The ideas of scientists who worked with the original version of the work formed the basis for many new conclusions regarding the history of Kazakhstan. Among them, the works of N. Tumanovich, K. Petrov, S. Abramzon, A. Bernshtam drew attention. In addition, in works published in neighboring countries, for example, in the «History of Kyrgyzstan» and «Information on the history of Kyrgyzstan and the Kyrgyz people,» «Tarikh-i Rashidi» was used as a source of information. Of course, the history of Mogolia, Zhetysu in the Middle Ages, the history of the Mughals and Kyrgyz who settled in Eastern Deshti Kypshak, Tien Shan, and Eastern Turkestan are described here. We paid attention to the historiographical side of these studies. Also among the researchers of «Tarikh-i Rashidi», the works of such scientists as V. Velyaminov-Zernov, N. Aristov, Sh. Kudaiberdiuly, M. Tynyshpaev, A. Chuloshnikov, S. Asfandiyarov, A. Trever, A.Yu. Yakubovsky, M.E. Voronets, A. Mashani, G. Blagova, V. Bartold. During the Soviet period, the book «Tarikh-i Rashidi» was also used by other historians when studying the history of Uzbekistan. Focusing on the works of such scientists as B. Akhmedov, A. Semenov, E. Bertels, S. Azimzhanova, A. Orynbaev, R. Dzhalilova, L. Epifanov, O. Akimushkin and R. Mukminova, we tried to find out how much they are related to our research from a historical point of view. One of the Soviet scientists who studied the history of Kazakhstan is O.F. Akimushkin. His article «Chronology of the khans of the eastern part of Shagatai greatness» is dedicated to the Toglyk Temir dynasty. At the same time, he also used the work of Tarikh-i Rashidi as a reliable source of information. In this study, the scientist analyzes Mirza Haydar's statement that the Kazakhs were completely destroyed in 1541-42, and bases his opinion on the battle between Rashid Khan and the Kazakhs on the work. Among those who reviewed the history of Kazakhstan, we paid special attention to the opinion and analysis of M.P. Vyatkin, who used data from Tarikh-i Rashidi. During the historical analysis, various directions and studies were touched upon, including since the main part of the work «Tarikh-i Rashidi» contains information about the Uyghurs, we examined how fully the relationship between Kashkariya and Mogolia was analyzed in the 16th century in the work of the Soviet historian D. Tikhonov . Of course, it should be noted here that the history of the rulers from the Dulat clan in East Turkestan has not been fully revealed. B. Gafurov, who wrote a special work about the Tajiks entitled «History of the Tajiks in the Ancient and Middle Ages,» also could not ignore the book of Muhammad Khaidar. Our next task is to pay special attention to the research progress of the work of Muhammad Haydar Dulati in the historiography of Kazakhstan . During Soviet times, Mirza Haydar and his famous works were the focus of attention of Kazakh historians. That is why in the book «Great Scientists of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (VIII-XIX)», published in 1965, by N.N. Mingulov, the research work of V.P. Yudin, published in 1965 under the title «Tribal composition of Mogolia and the Mughals and their ethnic ties with the Kazakhs and other neighboring countries», in the works of K.A. Pishchulina «The Kazakh Khanate in the XV century» and «From South-Eastern Kazakhstan in the mid-XIV - early XVI centuries», published in Almaty in 1977, used the historical data of Mirza Haydar and carried out a historical analysis. Therefore, while reviewing these works, we recorded the necessary information for our research. also paid attention to the methods used in the work of Kazakh historians, archaeological scientists K. Baipakov and L.V. Erzakovich «Ancient Cities of Kazakhstan», published in 1971, information about the location of medieval cities and tribes of Kazakhstan, taken from «Tarikh-i Rashidi». This helped us move in the right direction in our research. History of independent Kazakhstan. The declaration of sovereignty of our country and the new socio-political situation it created cause changes in the consciousness of society and its citizens. In this regard, it is necessary to note the contribution to the study of the work of Muhammad Haydar Dulati by such Kazakh scientists as A. Derbisali, M. Koigeldiev, T. Omarbekov, I. Zhemenei, M. Myrzakhmetuly and A. Abdualiev, B. Kumekov and B. Karibayev, U. Shalekenov, Zh. Tolebaeva, B. Albani, A. Baybatsha, M. Kazybek and O. Konyratbaevs, M. Abuseitova, S. Zholdasbayuly, S. Kishkashuly. The joint work of academician M. Kozybaev with the historian K. Pishchulina «Tarikh-i Rashidi», published in Tashkent in 1996, was republished in 1999 by the Sanat publishing house, in honor of the 500th anniversary of Muhammad Haydar. This work has also been used comparatively, with special attention paid to its explanations and additions. Also, in the works of such researchers as N. Atygaev, M. Alpysbes, T. Sultanov, B. Ayagan, many historical aspects of the creation of «Tarikha Rashidi» are touched upon. The first to introduce the work of Muhammad Haydar into scientific circulation was the English explorer, geographer and diplomat Ney Elias (1844 - 1897). It is also very important to compare the information in Tarikh-i Rashidi with information obtained from other sources. Such sources include M-F. Kopeev, Otemis Haji, Kara-tawarikh, Jami at-tawarikh Rashid ad-Din, Zafar-name, Tavarihi Guzidayi Nusrat-name, and translations by I. Berezin from various sources. Methodological basis of the study. The methodological basis of the dissertation is the critical-historical principle, which requires a real study of the development and change of social phenomena. In the process of research, in addition to general cognitive research methods, methods such as objectivity, systematicity, analysis, comparative historical analysis, comparison of the development of historical events with chronology and others were used. The basis of the research methods is text-comparative and historical-comparative methods and critical analysis. Of these, the dissertation based the research on the principles of documenting and describing historical truth, the social nature of historical information, the level of subjectivity, classification of historical data, and determination of the scientific value of data. Scientific novelty of the research . The scientific novelty of the dissertation is based on the relevance of the tasks posed, in particular on the need to form a new view and conclusions regarding research conducted in Central Asia and the CIS countries. In particular, the study contains the following innovations: For the first time, a comprehensive historical analysis of the work of Muhammad Haydar Dulati «Tarikh-i Rashidi» was carried out; By determining the level of research on «Tarikh-i Rashidi» in the works of scientists from the CIS countries, critical issues of research work were identified, and the possibilities of using the experience of historical knowledge to study these issues were identified; For the first time, a historiographical assessment of information from «Tarikh-i Rashidi» about the political and ethnic problems of the peoples of Central Asia, the ethnogenesis of the Kazakh people, the emergence of the Kazakh Khanate was carried out; An analysis of the research directions of «Tarikh-i Rashidi» in the studies of domestic and Central Asian scientists was carried out, the scientific justification was clarified; The influence of the work on source studies and historiography of the countries of Central Asia, India, Russia and Kazakhstan is determined, its significance and historical place are determined. The main conclusions proposed for defense. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions are put forward for defense: The book «Tarikh-i Rashidi» is one of the main works containing information about historical processes in the Middle Ages in the territory of modern Central Asia, India, China, Mogolia and other neighboring countries. Since the author of the work, in its content, described events as a witness or as a chronicler who received information directly from witnesses, the value of the work as a historical source is special. The works of Mirza Haydar had a great influence on the works of Persian-speaking historians. The famous Babur was the first to write about Mirza Haydar in his «Baburnama», giving the best description to Mirza Haydar, and later Amin bin Ahmad Razi of the 16th century was his no less worthy work. We drew attention to their assistance to the Persian historian. And Hafiz-i Tanish ibn Mir Muhammad Bukhari used the data he received from Mirza in the introduction to «Sharaf-name-yi shahi». Other scholars such as Mahmud bin Wali, Shah Mahmud Mirza Fazl Shoras, Haidar bin Ali often relied on Mirza Haidar and his works. «Tarikh-i Rashidi» was also a valuable source for the famous Central Asian historian Hafiz-i Tanish ibn Mir Muhammad Bukhari. The information he received from Haydar was used in the introduction to Sharaf-name-yi shahi. Tarikh-i Rashidi was the main source of information for Mahmud bin Wali. Information about the history of the Kazakhs in his work «Tarikh-i Rashidi» is detailed and voluminous. The value of the information he used was influenced by the data provided by Mirza Haidar. In Bahr al-Asr, Mahmud bin Wali wrote a history of the khans of Kashgar until the 40s of the 16th century and characteristic images of Tibet, as well as stories about the Nurbakhshiya sect received from Rashidi; As a result of analyzing the differences between the Kazakh, Russian and English chronologies of the study «Tarikh-i Rashidi», it was found that Kazakh-speaking and Russian-speaking researchers in most cases studied the information contained in the work about Mogulistan and the emergence of the Kazakh Khanate, while English-speaking researchers studied the information contained in the work about India and the power of the Timurids; As a result of a comparative analysis of various information in «Tarikh-i Rashidi» and other sources, it was established that «Tarikh-i Rashidi» often refers to «Zafar-nama» and «Jami at-Tauarikh» by Rashid ad-Din. It is also noted that this source does not contain information from Otemis Haji, especially from «Kara Tawarikh». And if you analyze the connection of «Tarikh-i Rashidi» with sources written later than himself, you can see that «Tarikh-i Rashidi» had a significant influence on many works, including the «Chronicles» of Shah-Mahmud Shoras and other Central Asian and East Turkestan sources were significantly influenced. Structure of the dissertation. The research paper consists of an introduction, three chapters, each of which consists of three parts, a conclusion and a list of sources used. The first chapter within the framework of the topic «Scientific and theoretical foundations for studying the work of M.H. Dulati «Tarikh-i Rashidi» is devoted to the disclosure of the content and comparative analysis of the main sources of data. The second chapter describes the structure of the Mughal state and the khanates that arose from it, paying particular attention to the origin of the names of the tribes and the Mughals. Third chapter: The chapter examines the influence of the historical and geographical environment on the work «Tarikh-i Rashidi» and the historical and philosophical aspects of the work. The final part summarizes the key results of the content of the main chapters and paragraphs of the dissertation.
Conclusion of the Research Ethics Committee
Defense of the dissertation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9hJ8e_M9wg
