Defense of the dissertation of Букабаева Жанылхан Тусупжановна for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the specialty «6D060700 - Биология»
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, a dissertation defense for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Букабаева Жанылхан Тусупжановна on the topic «Lichens of the Burabai State National Park and their bioindicational significance in determining environmental pollution» by specialty «6D060700 – Биология».
The dissertation was carried out at the «» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.
The language of defense is kazakh
Official reviewers:
Науанова Айнаш Пахуашовна - Doctor of Science, Professor, professor
Курманбаева Меруерт
Temporary members of the Dissertation Committee:
Какимжанова Алмагуль Апсаламовна - Doctor of Science, Professor of practice
Ситпаева Гульнара
Айдарханова Гульнар Сабитовна - Doctor of Science, Professor
Абдураимов Озодбек Султанкулович - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Scientific advisors:
Abiev Sardarbek Abievich
Korolev Aleksandr Nikolaevitsh
The defense will take place on June 06, 2024, at 12:00 PM in the Dissertation Council for the training direction «8D051 – Biological and related sciences» in the specialty «6D060700 – Биология» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The defense meeting is planned to be held online.
Link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/81963507834?pwd=zZGPsGGYMLECooBpxvWBr8PIYdEoZh.1
Address: Қажымұқан к.13, №3 корпус (ЦИСИ), 333 аудитория
Abstract (English): General characteristics of the study. In order to study lichen-indicative properties of lichens to determine the degree of environmental pollution, expedition work was carried out in the State National Park "Burabai", which belongs to the 5th floral region of Kazakhstan. Lichenological studies in the park were carried out by dividing the land plot of the park and adjacent territories into several plots. To identify all types of lichens found in the Burabai Park at different times of the year, work was carried out to collect lichens, even if necessary during the first snowfall. For the examination of morphological, systematic, ecological features and bioindicational significance of lichens during the expedition work, geobotanical, floral comparative methods, linear-cross method and other research methods were used. A cartographic scheme of the distribution of lichen species found in the surveyed areas of the National Garden has been developed, expert work has been carried out on the frequency of occurrence, methods of reproduction, ecology of lichen species. As a result of determining the frequency of occurrence, rare lichen species in need of protection were identified, their use as bioindication objects was investigated in determining the level of atmospheric and soil pollution of the studied areas by determining the content of heavy metals in the composition of certain lichen species. Relevance of the research topic. There is every reason to believe that the number of works carried out during the previous few decades to study the species composition of lichens is relatively small for a country that occupies a very large territory. In the research works of scientists, 95 species of 757 species of higher plants growing in the Borovoe garden, taken as the research territory of this scientific work, are presented as rare and in need of protection of plants. And among them, only one lichen Cladonia rangiferina(L) of the lichen species is listed as a rare species. In general, there is practically no information on the use of lichen species as bioindication objects on the territory of Kazakhstan. In the Russian city of Kazan, the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk Region, which are part of the Russian Federation, as well as in Italy, in Izmir (Turkey), the practice of using lichens as an object of bioindication is also provided. State National Park "Burabay" belongs to a very dynamically operating recreational zone of the country. The scientific work notes that lichens are very sensitive to such influences. Taking this into account, the species composition in the study area was determined, their current state was assessed and appropriate recommendations were given for their effective use and protection, which is a very urgent problem. In the State National Nature Park "Burabai", practically no studies have been conducted to study the species composition of lichens, the features of their systemic, biological, ecological growth and bioindication significance. In this regard, the relevance of the doctoral dissertation lies in the collection of lichens in various plant ecotopes of the Burabai National Park and adjacent territories, in the study of morphological features of the structure, identification of species and the construction of their taxonomic system. In addition, ecological, biological features of growth and bioindication significance of lichen species are being determined. The purpose and objectives of the study. Identification of the species composition of lichens in the ecogroups of the State National Park "Burabai" and conducting scientific research in the morphological, systematic, ecological, bioindication context. In the course of achieving this goal, the following tasks were set: 1 In the State National Park "Burabai" to conduct lichenological studies with the division of the territory into the following sections: Priozerny, Mirny, Akylbaysky, Katarkolsky, Shchuchinsky, Barmachinsky, Zolotoborsky, Abylai-khan, Baldaurensky and adjacent areas; 2. Collection of lichens from the studied sites and identification of their species; 3. Systematic examination of identified lichen species and issuance of illustrated bio-morphological (botanical) characteristics; 4. Drawing up a cartographic scheme of the distribution of lichen species in the studied areas of the park and conducting research related to their frequency of occurrence, ecology of reproduction routes; 5. Identification of rare and in need of protection lichen species in the State National Park "Burabai"; 6. Identification and analysis of "invasive" and elysial lichen species by comparing the data obtained by us with the corresponding previously published data related to the study region; 7. Determination of the content of heavy metals in dominant lichen species with a high frequency of occurrence, and, along with their quantitative and cover indicators, demonstration of their bioindication role as a form of bioindication in determining the level of air and soil pollution; 8. Creation of collections of certain types of lichens, based on the materials and research results of this doctoral dissertation, and their provision for use in the educational process as a regional component related to the teaching of the topic "Lichens" in the botany course. Object of research: types of lichens, pine-birch forest, tree trunks, soil coverings, mountain-surface coverings. Research methods: geobotanical, floral comparative methods, linear-cross method, visual assessment method, Drude scale, method for determining the content of heavy metals in the form, methods of collecting and drying lichens, collection methods, scanning method with an electron microscope. Scientific novelty: For the first time, as a result of lichenological studies, lichen species growing on the territories of the following sites were collected and identified in various plant communities of the Burabai State National Park: Ulken Shabakty, Kishi Shabakty, Shchuchye, Barmashy, Zolotoborsk, Abylai Khan, Baldauren and adjacent sites: Priozernoye, Mirnoye, Akylbayskoye, Katarkolskoye. In the dissertation work, a cartographic scheme for determining one type of lichen on several studied sites was developed. Along with the determinants in the identification and identification of lichen species, a scanning microscope was used to determine the ways of their reproduction. The frequency of occurrence of all 56 identified species in the route and monitoring study was determined using the Drude scale. Among the species studied on this scale, species that are very rare and prone to extinction were identified. Due to quantitative and analytical indicators of epiphytic and epigeal lichen species in Burabai National Park, it was proposed to use the species Evernia prunastri (L.), Cladonia alpestris as important for bioindication of species in these regions. Theoretical and practical significance of the study. The local lichenoflora of the State National Park "Burabai" has been studied, specific species associated with their scientific and practical use are shown. The identified species Peltigera spuria, Cladonia coccifera, Haematomma ventosum and Caloplaca aurantiaca were presented as endangered species in need of protection. And the species Dermatocarpon miniatum, Psora lurida and Verrucaria nigrescens were considered very rare lichens. Evernia prunastri (L.) and Cladonia alpestris are recommended for bioindication. The studied area is dominated by species belonging to the family Cladoniaceae and Parmeliaceae (Cladonia fimbriata, C.gracilis, C.sylvatica, C.rangiferina, C.coccifera, C.alpicola, C.verticillata, C. deformis, C. crispate, C. alpestris, Parmelia vegans, P.sulcata, P.caperata, P.acetabulum, P.saxatilis, P. olivacea et al.) all species can be considered as animal feed. According to the data presented in many scientific studies, sodium usninate and usninic acid, isolated from lichen species belonging to the genera Parmellia, Cetraria, found in the flora of the Burabai Park, are used as antibiotics because of their properties to destroy pathogens. Lichen species are found in the lichen flora of the garden (Peltiqera rufescens, Dermatocarpon aquaticum, Parmelia olivacea, Verrucaria nigrescens, Hypocenomyce scalaris, Rhizocarpon geographicum, Lecidea glomerulosa Steud. Caloplaca murorum, C.urantiaca, etc.) you can get natural paints from all. Similarly, the type of Cladonia rangiferina with a high frequency of occurrence in the study area is used in Japan to produce a bread-like food product, and the type of Evernia prunastri is used in perfumery to produce perfumes. Rare, endangered species have been identified for environmental institutions, and information on the effective use of widespread species has been provided on a scientific basis. In connection with the teaching of the topic "lichens" in the botany course, collections of all identified lichen species were prepared as an outstanding teaching aid for the study of the morphological structure, ecological distribution, features of the biological growth of henna species, the use of regional components. The basic principles required for the defense of a dissertation. 1. The results of dividing the study area into different areas and determining the types of lichens in it; 2. Results of determining the frequency of occurrence, ways of reproduction and ecological characteristics of lichen species growing in various areas of the Burabai Park; 3. The results of the analysis of lichen species distributed in the studied areas, with drawing on schematic maps; 4. Information is provided on the ecology, distribution and directions of application of very rare and in need of protection species of lichens of the park "Burabai"; 5. The results of the analysis of the flora changes of lichens in the studied areas by comparison with the determinants; 6. Substantiation of the bioindication value of some lichens in the studied areas. The results of the study. 1. . The State Natural Park "Burabai" and adjacent lands are divided into 11 sections: "Akylbai", "Katarkol", "Bolshoe Chebachye", "Maloe Chebachye", "Shchuchinsk", "Barmashi", "Zolotoborskoye", "Abylai Khan", "Baldauren", "Priozernoye" and "Peaceful." Lichens considered as the object of research of scientific work were collected in steppe, forest, mountain ecotopes of the Burabai region, where systematic, ecological comparative studies were conducted. 2. It was found that, depending on the identified ways of reproduction, 35 species out of 56 species reproduce sexually by apothecia and 2 species by peritoneum. Similarly, it was found that one species reproduces asexually by forming soridia or isidia, and in the same species-isidia and soridia. It was found that. At the same time, the reproduction of many lichen species by fragmentation of layers was considered as another feature of lichens. 3. Lichen mapping has been carried out in all the surveyed areas of the Burabai Park to determine the settlement of their species. The cartographic scheme of the identified henna species shows data on which areas the same species lives. 4. A map of Peltigera spuria,Cladonia coccifera, Haematomma ventosum and Caloplaca aurantiaca species and very rare henna species Dermatocarpon miniatum, Psora lurida and Verrucaria nigrescens, which need protection only in 4 sites out of 11 obtained in the study area (Borovoe, Ablaikhan, Katarkol, Baldauren), was presented in the form of a diagram. These data are very valuable for studying the prospects for the development of these species in these regions, for understanding the issue of their protection. 5. In the dissertation work, work was carried out on the accounting of all types of henna, which for many years have inhabited the Borovsky State National Garden and adjacent territories, i.e. on the compilation of floral inventory 6. On the territory of the Borovsky State National Natural Garden among lichens there is an epiphilic Evernia prunastri (L.) and an epigeal species Cladonia alpestris belonging to the family Cladoniaceae, which are recommended for use as bioindicators indicating the degree of contamination of the region. Approbation of the results of the study. The results of the research work and the main provisions of the dissertation are presented in national and international publications: The main results of the dissertation work are included in the database of scientific measurements of Web of Science and Scopus "BIODIVERSITAS. Journal of Biological Diversity Volum" (May 2023); published in the Bulletin of the State University named after Shakarim G. Semey (Semey, 2020); in the Bulletin of the North Kazakhstan University named after Manash Kozybayev (Petropavlovsk, 2020); in the Bulletin named after L. N. Gumilev in the collection of the series of biological Sciences (Nur-Sultan, 2020). The volume and structure of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of definitions, concepts and abbreviations, an introduction, a review of the literature, materials and methods of research, research results, conclusions and a list of references.
Conclusion of the Research Ethics Committee
Defense of the dissertation: https://youtu.be/6wI4BYQ_IQQ?si=Q6u1lQfqWOt74cQ6
