Defense of the dissertation of Ази Есентүгел Аманкелдіұлы for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the specialty «6D020400 - Мәдениеттану»

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, a dissertation defense for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Ази Есентүгел Аманкелдіұлы on the topic «Sal-seri School: cultural analysis» in the field of «6D020400 – Мәдениеттану».

The dissertation was carried out at the «Philosophy» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.

The language of defense is kazakh

Reviewers:

Нурмуратов Серик Есентаевич - Doctor of Science, Professor, Head of the office

Турсынбаева Айгуль Омирбеккызы - Candidate of Science, Professor, professor

Temporary members of the Dissertation Committee:

Әбікенов Жарқынбек Оралбекұлы - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Head of the cafedra

Адаева Гульнар Аманбековна - Candidate of Science, Assistant Professor, docent

Кулумжанов Нуржан Еркенович - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Аубакирова Салтанат Советовна - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor

Манасова Мира Манасқызы - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Academic Advisors:

Imanjusip Raushan – Doctor of Philosophy, Acting Professor of the Department of Philosophy of L. N. Gumilev ENU

Zhumageldy Kubzhasarovich Kenispaev is a Doctor of Philosophy, Professor at the P.A.Stolypin Omsk University (Omsk, Russia).

The defense will take place on January 10, 2024, at 11:00 AM in the Dissertation Council for the training direction «8D031 – %!s(*string=0xc018b5e270)» in the specialty «6D020400 – Мәдениеттану» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The defense meeting is planned to be held online.

Link: https://clck.ru/36x2iH

Address: А. Янушкевич көшесі,6, №4 ғимарат, 106 аудиторияда өтеді.

Abstract (English): Relevance of the dissertation research topic. Relevance of the research topic. There are still arts and traditions in Kazakh culture that have not been fully explored yet. An important part of this art is the Sal-seri school. Sal-seri's work is studied within the framework of literary and art criticism from the point of view of determining the genre of poetry and linguistic style; no in-depth cultural studies have been carried out. There are various arguments about the content and meaning of the concepts “sal” and “seri”, but these arguments do not fully reveal the basic idea of the culture and school of Sal-seri. We believe that the study of the Sal-seri school from the point of view of cultural studies and its revival in modern society is one of the most pressing issues. We all know that one of the objectives of current government programs aimed at developing the culture of Kazakhstan is the development of Kazakh spiritual culture. In particular, we believe that the topic of our research is relevant in accordance with the goal of modernizing the intangible cultural heritage of our people according to the concept of cultural policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023-2024. This is due to the fact that the tradition, art and creativity of Sal-seri are a special manifestation of the Kazakh spiritual culture. Despite the fact that the two words "sal-seri" are perceived as synonyms, there are differences in the function of the social status of sal and seri. Currently, in each region of Kazakhstan, Sal-seri is given different names in accordance with the traditions of the people. For example, in the Mangystau region, male artists are called “kaiki”, women – “sayki”, and in the Aral and Kazaly districts of the Syrdarya region – “kaska”. The expression of this everyday culture shows the development of the art of Sali-seri only at the regional, not at the state level. In the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, a group of the Seven Knights (Zheti Kaiki) seri lived in the Mangistau steppe. Sal-seri are talents that combine many arts and meet the spiritual needs of the masses. Their poems are valuable because they show the spirit of their time and raise the spirit of humanity, justice, honor and statehood. The fact that each era has its continuations, legends and works about their fame, glory, luxury, and existence remain in the mouths of the country shows the formation of the Sal-seri school in Kazakh culture. This develops from such qualities as following an example, imitating and taking an interest in someone's fate. Imitation of Sal-seri is the only methodological means on the path to art, freeing every talent from the limitations of its own mind, which is very important in our days. The art of Sal-seri has its origin, development features and its place in the sphere of the cultural and spiritual world of nomads and was initially formed in a military spirit. On the one hand, this is seen as a continuation of the Zhyrau tradition, which later became the beginning of the Sal-seri path. Thus, we can notice that the art of Sal-seri and zhyrau relate to each other according to various phenomena of that time. There are conclusions that the origins of ancient traditions, which made a great contribution to the culture of the people, belong precisely to healers. Some scientists classify healers as thinkers. A. Margulan examines the traditional path of healers and leaves historical comments about their knowledge and art. In some Turkic-speaking countries, zhyrau was called a healer. For example, the Turkmens call a poet-singer who sings along to an instrument “bakshi”; among the Uyghurs, bakshi means “scientist”, and among the Mongols it means “teacher”. In the works of A. Margulan and A. Tarakhti, it can be noticeable that the words Sal-seri are associated with state titles. For example: kagan, thai, free, high. The nomad was also equated with Sal-seri. Academician A. Margulan lists a number of historical figures, starting with the Yollik family, a thinker of the Turkic era, who also passed through every era. S. Kondybai points out that in Ustyurt (Mangistau region) in the period after the Golden Horde there was an order of the Seri (dynastic group) “Ush Kiyan”, created by professional military men. The Seri group "Seven Knights" (Zheti Kaiki) are considered the legitimate followers of the Seri Order "Ush Kiyan". It is necessary to pay special attention to the history of the origin of the name Sal-seri. In the analyzes and explanations of scientists, several concepts from Turkic-speaking countries are presented. “Sal in the Shor language means fireplace, in the Sagai language it means noise, vocalization, in the Kazakh language it is used to describe a person who talks a lot, brings joy and fun to people”. For example, in Kazakh the word “sing” (olen ait) also means “to sing” (an sal). The scientist E. Ismailov cites several meanings of the word “seri” in the “Kumanik Code”; in Arabic, “sir” means “to have fun”, and in Teleut, Shor and other languages the word “seri” is used in the meaning of “sing”. “The fact that the word siri (sari) has roots in witchcraft is evidenced by the fact that in the Uyghur language it means witchcraft and fortune telling”. According to V. Radlov, the word “chura” /shura/ in the Kazakh language used to mean a detachment, a warrior. “Sal is a violent, quarrelsome person, dressed like a farce buffoon,” wrote V. Radlov. In Kyrgyz, the word “sal” means a cheerful, young, brave guy, “sal manap” means a guy who spends time with holidays and mischief (children of a ruler, a rich man). The Yakut cognate word “tsaali” means freedom and independence, and the Turkmen word “salla” means a single, unmarried guy. E. Tursynov suggests that the meaning of the word “seri”, which has a similar root with the word “cherik”, meaning “army”, “hand” in the Turkic language, means “soldier in a detachment”, “warrior”, “comrade”. The Kazakh Seris come from the aristocratic Noyan family of nomads. Seri is translated into Russian as knight. The knights are also similar to the Kazakh Seri. Knights had to be both archers and fighters, their behavior was also different. They distinguished themselves in the war, setting an example of heroism and courage. There is an opinion that knights had a tradition of worshiping a beautiful woman. The Castle of Koussi in France, the "sipahi" in the Ottoman Empire, the "samurai" in Japan, the knights in medieval Western Europe... they all had a similar position and fate. “Knights of the Order of the Templars”, who became “Knights of the Temple” based on the most romantic legend of the world, knights of the Livonian Order of the Teutonic Order, which later (1456-1466) became a vassal of Poland, - even though they had different names, they all had the same fates. The Sal-seri differed from zhyrau in their special aesthetic tastes, which sought to find harmony between the inner world and external appearance. The Sal-seri also have a high spirit, a high level of common sense, talented individuals who stand out for their art, rich language, and depth of thought. Their custom is based on the principle of improving the soul. The Sal-seri have its own ethical and aesthetic criteria. They had to maintain purity of soul and body, be educated, polite, artistic, talented, eloquent, witty, perform among people, maintain purity of mind, eloquence, ingenuity, artistic character, impart wisdom, appreciate the arts, be a herald of justice, do good, not eating forbidden foods, walking in clean places, behaving gracefully, sitting with your back straight, etc. all this shows the highest example of human culture. Ethical values are transmitted through words, education and commandments, and aesthetic taste is perceived visually. In this context, Sal-seri's behavior and dress were exemplary. In any era, the solution to sociocultural problems in society is associated with the intellectual development of the individual. Personality is the totality of good human qualities. Sal-seri should be recognized as individuals. The Seri are warriors by nature and origin and are also perceived as a military aristocracy. As academician Garifolla Yesim wrote: “The people expressed their worldview through language, religion, and folklore. Therefore, to study national thinking, we must rely on the culture of the people, spiritual heritage, way of life, religious beliefs, everyday customs, consciousness of rituals, etc. In this regard, studying the art and creativity of the descendants who have worked hard over the centuries to educate the new generation in the spirit of patriotism will make a great contribution to the formation of the patriotic consciousness of today's young generation. Topic Research Level. Sal-seri's creativity is a special type of poetic art in Kazakh culture. Akyn-zhyrau played a decisive role in the development of oral literature and art of the Kazakh people, in the preservation and dissemination of their cultural and historical heritage, the transfer of wisdom and knowledge between generations, serving as a bridge between the past and the present. Similar information is often found among Kazakh folklorists, art historians and literary critics. However, there is little specific information about the history of the origin of Sal-seri. Little research has been conducted in a cultural context. The first information about Sal-seri is found in the ethnographic studies of A.V. Zataevich. According to Zataevich, “Sal-seri are bright and eccentric personalities who strive to stand out from the crowd, use different ways to show their uniqueness and courage”. Ethnographic studies of the image and creativity of Sal-seri as a symbol of everyday national culture include the works of V.V. Radlov, A. Zataevich, I. Pashino, A. Evreinov, P. Morozov and others. We consider A. Margulan, S. Mukanov, E. Ysmailov, T. Asemkulov, S. Kaskabasov as researchers who tried to define the Sal-seri phenomenon and reveal it essence and meaning, describe Sal-seri as singers, healers, poets, special personalities of Kazakh musical art. For example, in their works M. Magauia “Kokbalak”, S. Zhunissov “Akan Seri”, Z. Akishev “Zhayau Musa”, “Imanzhussip”, T. Asemkulov “Tattimbet Seri” considered Sal-seri from literary, semantic, and chronological points of view. The scientist E. Tursynov draws the origin of the names “sal” and “seri” from the depths, mixes them with the spiritual world, describes them as a cultural phenomenon of the great steppe. Z. Nauryzbaeva describes this in her article “The Ancient Turkic Origin of the Bektashi Brotherhood and the Kazakh Sal-seri”, describing the connection of Sal-seri with the military affairs of the ancient Turkic era. Kazakh scientists R. Imanzhusip, S. Zhanpeyissova, S. Kerim and others conducted dissertation research about Sal-seri, many other scientists conducted scientific research in the field of art. Many studies have been written in the field of the heritage of zhyrau poets and folklore in literature. The Sal-seri are discussed in several scientific fields because they have special talents that combine several arts. People worthy of the name Sal-seri possessed singing, poetry, writing, wrestling, archery, horse riding, eloquence, and skill. In this regard, it is appropriate to study science in the areas of literature, history, art, music and philosophy. However, it becomes obvious that the study of this topic in cultural science is superficial and insufficient. Object of dissertation research. The Sal-seri tradition, its place and significance in world culture. Subject of study. Features of the formation and development of the Sal-seri school, its main creativity, principles, and cultural significance. Purpose of the research work. Analysis of the influence of the Sal-seri school on the cultural space in different historical periods, identification of the main features and principles that guided them, their contribution to world cultural experience and assessment of their significance for the development of modern Kazakhstani culture. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:  Research into the historical roots of the formation and spread of the Sal-seri tradition.  Determination of the features of the concepts and art of Sal-seri in Kazakh spiritual culture.  Analysis of social and cultural factors that influenced the work of the Sal-seri school.  Proof of the influence of the Sal-seri tradition on the development of the Alash school.  Differentiation of practices of modernization of art and the sal-seri tradition in the modern Kazakh cultural space.  Assessment of the potential for preservation and development of the Sal-seri school. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the dissertation. The theoretical foundations of the dissertation research were created on an interdisciplinary basis: based on ethnographic, general scientific, literary, art historical, literary and archival sources, and postcolonial studies. When studying the tradition and art of Sal-seri, historical-typological, phenomenological, hermeneutic, ethnographic, comparative, and critical methods of analysis were used. In particular, the historical-typological method in determining the history of the origin of Sal-seri and its chronological stages; hermeneutic method of explaining the meaning of the concepts sal and seri; phenomenological method for determining the nature of consequences; when studying Sal-seri's work, the comparative method was used. Scientific novelty of the research. - While studying the historical roots of the formation and spread of the Sal-seri tradition, a comparative analysis of the folk poetic tradition from the Turkic era to the present day was carried out. - The meaning and content of the concepts sal and seri in the spiritual culture of Kazakhstan are determined. A cultural image of Sal-seri was created: Sal stood out as a representative of the potential of the priests, and Seri as a representative of the military family. - While analyzing the social and cultural factors that influenced the formation and creativity of the Sal-seri school, the diplomatic, military, equestrian and other arts of Sal-seri were identified. The influence of colonial policy in the Kazakh steppe, which influenced their work, is analyzed. - The Sal-seri tradition had a great influence on the development of the Alash school. In the works of the Alash intelligentsia, issues of freedom, liberty, and modernization of national culture were defined in accordance with the Sal-seri tradition. - In accordance with the current programs for the development of Kazakh culture, the practices of the development of Kazakh spiritual art, including poetry and music, were analyzed. - Currently the importance of forming the Sal-seri school has been determined to promote and develop the art of Sal-seri. The Sal-seri school is a cultural institution that allows you to master the “seven arts” (“Zheti oner”). Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions are recommended for protection: 1. We see the influence of the ancient Turkic period on the formation and development of the Sal-seri tradition and martial arts. Poetry and the art of poetry have been recognized as a striking example of the transmission of the social, cultural and religious life of a people from generation to generation through oral creativity. 2. Based on the analysis of the works of domestic researchers, the difference between the conclusions about Sal and Seri in Kazakh spiritual culture was clarified. Based on the analysis of the works of Akan Seri, Birzhan Sal, Zhayau Musa, Asan Kaiga, Ketbugi and other zhyrau in Kazakh culture, the cultural image of Sal-seri was created. As a representative of a line of priests, Sal was defined as a person who combined art and fortune-telling, a singer, an esthete and a noble person, and Seri, as a representative of a military dynasty, was considered a universal artist, combining martial arts and music. 3. The tradition and art of Sal-seri have undergone many changes throughout its history. Social, cultural, and political conditions in Kazakh society, especially the consequences of colonial policy, directly influenced the change in traditions in their work. Issues of freedom, liberty, fidelity, and liberty became the main theme in the works of poets who sang mythological stories and the courage of Kazakh heroes. Heroes of entertainment became heroes of freedom. 4. The social attitudes of the Seri movement during the period of colonial oppression and freedom are like the direction followed by the Alasha intellectuals. Analyzing the legacy of Sal-seri, the influence on the development of the Alash school is indicated. 5. The images of Sal-seri reflect the traditions and customs of the Kazakh people. The need to revive their creativity, courage, bravery, skill, skill as an expression of the spiritual culture of the Kazakh people has been proven. The legacy of Sal-seri is not only an artistic heritage, but also a spiritual heritage that shapes philosophical, cultural thinking, and national identity. 6. In the study of the quality of Sal-seri, it is not only a manifestation of entertainment, singing and singing. Sal-seri is an "eight-sided, one-mysterious" person. He is a poet, artisan, athlete, warrior, master of several types of weapons, fighter, soothsayer, an example of a person glorifying national values and possessing high aesthetic taste. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary to develop the Sal-seri school to educate the younger generation based on national values. Practical significance of the results. There is no doubt that the Sal-seri tradition in the historical space of Kazakh culture is one of the worlds that has high cultural and cognitive significance in the spiritual life of our country. In this regard, the results achieved during the work will make it possible to clarify the viability of national values in strengthening the national self-awareness of the younger generation. Review and publication of research results. Based on the results of studying the dissertation work, 9 scientific articles were published. There are 5 articles in special journals on philosophy, cultural studies, history, humanities and 3 articles in collections of international scientific conferences recommended by the control commission in the field of scientific research of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the collection of the republican scientific conference - 1; in a journal with a non-zero impact factor indexed in the Scopus database – 1. Structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three parts, each part consists of two chapters, a conclusion, and a list of references. The total volume of work is 125 pages.

Dissertation