Defense of the dissertation of Sarsenbekov Nursultan for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the specialty «8D02201 - Philosophy»

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, a dissertation defense for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Sarsenbekov Nursultan on the topic «Existential experiences in the Kazakh worldview in the 20th century» in the field of «8D02201 – Philosophy».

The dissertation was carried out at the «Philosophy» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.

The language of defense is kazakh

Reviewers:

Азербаев Аслан Дыбысбекович - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor, docent

Телебаев Газиз Турысбекович - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Professor

Temporary members of the Dissertation Committee:

Құранбек Әсет Абайұлы - Candidate of Science, Associate Professor

Кемербай Рауан Амантайұлы - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor (acting)

Бектенова Мадина Кенесарыевна - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Leading Specialist organizer

Әмен Асхат Жангелдіұлы - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Senior lecturer

Кульбаева Дина Дюсебаевна - Candidate of Science, Head of the cafedra

Academic Advisors:

Abdina Ainur Kanapiyanovna – Doctor of Philosophy, Abdina Ainur Kanapiyanovna – Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov

Bulent Shenay – Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), professor at Uludağ University (Turkey, Bursa)

The defense will take place on February 02, 2024, at 02:00 PM in the Dissertation Council for the training direction «8D022 – %!s(*string=0xc0119543b0)» in the specialty «8D02201 – Philosophy» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The defense meeting is planned to be held online.

Link: https://clck.ru/37KaUc

Address: А.Янушкевич көшесі,6, №4 ғимарат, 106 аудиторияда

Abstract (English): The purpose of the dissertation research is to identify existential experiences in the Kazakh worldview through a philosophical analysis of historical events of the twentieth century. Research objectives: 1. Consideration of intentionality through the prism of giving each phenomenon a special meaning in the vital issues of nomadic civilization; 2. Identification of the prerequisites of the concept of "Bar Bolu" in the Kazakh tradition through existential categories; 3. Analysis of existential categories in the worldview and works of Kazakh thinkers; 4. Philosophical reflection on existential experiences in the Kazakh worldview during the famine of the 30s of the twentieth century; 5. Identification of the term “Soz kuaty” as an existential concept through analysis of the memories of the heroes of the Second World War; 6. Study of the influence of the collapse of the USSR on the worldview of the Kazakhs and consideration of the phenomenon “Turn to national existence.” Research methods. The dissertation research used comparative analysis using a conceptual approach, and compared existential categories in the works of Kazakh and Western thinkers. The methodological guidelines of the dissertation research include intentional methods of analyzing human nature, hermeneutic methods of studying archival data, collections of memoirs, as well as conducting in-depth interviews with witnesses of the events in question and their descendants. The core interview method is important for identifying the experiences that have developed in the life experience of the respondent. Conducting this type of interview differs from the usual one in that it is aimed at discovering the respondent’s inner, deep feelings and experiences. An in-depth interview as a method presupposes a preliminary mood for a confidential conversation and is based on unconditional interest in a given topic. When studying the events that occurred in Kazakh society in the 20th century, an interpretation of historical documents was presented and reversion was applied to specific problems, that is, rational reduction was used, a study was conducted of the situation that people faced during the Famine and World War II, and the influence of economic difficulties that arose with the collapse of the USSR, on the growth of the impulse of existential experiences. The dissertation work uses the main methodological tools for understanding human existence in the process of existential experiences, such as the intentional approach and methods of phenomenological analysis. Since the topic of the dissertation is directly related to historical events, one of the most important research approaches is the historical-dialectical method. Through the prism of history, moving from the historical to the concrete, a philosophical interpretation of current events is carried out and existential categories are formed. In addition, the required research uses such interdisciplinary methods as content analysis, used in the analysis of textual information, and a sociocultural method based on a systems approach in the analysis of Kazakh society of the twentieth century. Basic provisions (proven scientific hypotheses and other conclusions that are new knowledge) submitted for defense: 1. When analyzing the attitude to the meaning of existence in a nomadic civilization, the main attention is paid to the existential motive: - a special attitude to each phenomenon, clarifying the sacredness of life positions in the worldview of nomads; - positive principles in matters of meaning in life as a feature of national existence; - the sacredness of the concept “Atakonys” as earth of ancestors, which has become a dimension of space and time; - the meaning of “zhyl sanau” and “mushel zhas” as temporary concepts in a nomadic civilization that have become the norm of human existence; - the existential category of freedom as a necessary component of nomadic culture. These concepts indicate intentionality in the life-meaning issues of nomadic civilization. 2. In the Kazakh tradition, following life’s existential guidelines forms certain pragmatic orientations. When determining this goal, the categories of hospitality, shame, conscience, repentance, justice, duty, the value of the word in the Kazakh tradition, proverbs and sayings, blessing and mourning are analyzed. The above moral concepts necessarily served as a guarantee of the viability of human existence, his existence in the world. In the scientific and philosophical works of the Soviet era in the Kazakh language, there is no clarity in the definition of the existential concept “Dasein”. Considering the complexity of interpreting the essence of this term, a conclusion is made about a more rational interpretation of this concept in the context of the Kazakh worldview through the traditional blessing-wish “Bar bol!” In this provision, the concept of “Dasein” is recommended to be translated into Kazakh as “Bar Bolu” and to introduce this term into scientific circulation. 3. Using the heritage of outstanding personalities who have reached the pinnacle of wisdom as a tool for spiritual improvement. In this context, questions were grouped and explored: the relationship between existence and time, true love for the Creator, the phenomena of life and death. Kazakh thinkers are not representatives of the real existential direction, however, existential categories that clearly express the transcendental thoughts of a person can be clearly seen in the works of such thinkers as Korkyt Ata, Abu Nasr al Farabi, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi, Zhusup Balasagun, Abay Kunanbayuly, Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly. Humanistic qualities, such as true love, morality, justice, humanity, conscience, shame, in the philosophy of thinkers turn into meaningful existentials and express, in their essence, noble life principles. It is recommended to consider existentials in the worldview of thinkers in the context of phenomenological analysis. 4. Analysis of the famine in the Kazakh steppe, as a historical and political event of the 30s of the twentieth century, in the context of philosophical understanding shows how the value of history increases with each memory. In this regard, the existential assessment of historical events, based on philosophical interpretation, is becoming increasingly important. The policy of sedentarization took place under the slogan of changing the essence and identity of the Kazakh people, formed by nomadic civilization. In this position, a phenomenological analysis of existential experiences generated by the phenomenon of the Famine of the twentieth century is carried out through the study of man’s struggle for existence, his existence in the external world and the depths of his inner world. 5. The problem of war-and-peace as dialectical opposites is of paramount importance in the history of mankind. Pacifist positions, which have become an expression of public opinion, are irrefutable evidence of humanity and a person’s commitment to moral principles. A person’s encounter with death in war creates a “borderline situation” and forces him to look for answers to vital questions. Based on the memories and works of Kazakh heroes of the Second World War, it is possible to study human reflexivity in relation to one’s own existence. The meaning of such existential categories as courage, honor, courage and hope is also revealed. Using the concept of “unraveling” (M. Mamardashvili) when analyzing the memories of heroes of the Second World War, it is proposed to introduce the term “Soz kuaty” into scientific circulation to support people in an existential crisis. 6. The collapse of the USSR became one of the largest global political events in the twentieth century. Despite the economic crisis generated by these changes, there was also a radical turn of sovereign peoples towards national existence. In the traditions formed by nomadic civilization, every family, every clan considered it its duty to preserve “Atakonys”, inherited from their ancestors, as a symbolic cultural feature. An example of this is also the return of “Kandas” who left their homeland during periods of existential crises of the twentieth century. In this regard, an explanation of the sacredness of the native land and the meaning of the concept of “Turn to national existence” are important in all modes of time. Description of the main results of the study. 1. The significance of the concept “Atakonys” as the basis of the ecosophy of nomadic civilization in the conditions of everyday life and the life guidelines formed by nomads over the centuries demonstrate the existentials of the existence of a people living in harmony with nature. The expression of intentionality and a special attitude to each event of the historical existence of the people was actualized by referring to the sacred units of measurement of human life - “zhyl sanau” and “mushel zhas”. 2. Such existential categories as freedom and responsibility, honor and conscience, morality and ethics in the Kazakh worldview are the basis of human existence. In the ideological traditions of the Kazakhs, the use of categories that form the basis of human existence in everyday life is formed by their life practices. In the Kazakh tradition, the use of the categories that make up a person in everyday practice forms his pragmatic attitude. It turned out that this is proof of the vitality of human existence and corresponds to the concept of “Dasein”, which glorifies the “presence” of human existence in the worldview of M.Heidegger. Considering the complexity of the interpretation of the concept of “Dasein”, we can come to the conclusion that it correlates with the interpretation of the traditional blessing-wish “Bar bol!” in the Kazakh worldview. “Dasein” and “Bar Bolu” are equal concepts. 3. In order to identify and study existentials in the works of Kazakh thinkers, the works of such thinkers as Korkyt Ata, Abu Nasr al Farabi, Khoja Akhmet Yassaui, Zhusup Balasagun, Abay Kunanbayuly, Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly were analyzed. An existential analysis of the phenomena of true love for the Creator, faith, justice, morality, honor and shame can be clearly seen from the content of the works of the above-mentioned thinkers. 4. Based on an analysis of the causes and consequences of the famine experienced by the Kazakh people in the 30s of the twentieth century, a phenomenological analysis of the existential experiences of the people caused by the struggle for life was carried out. Due to the operation of the objective laws of the historical process, the world and society do not stand in one place. Variability and development are permanent constants of the existence of the world. Therefore, the analysis of existential problems in the context of historical events of the people acts as a productive and effective method of scientific research. 5. As tragic milestones in the history of mankind testify, it is the most brutal crimes against humanity that serve as lessons and act as means for identifying the existentials of human existence. And future generations will remember this with fear. Therefore, taking into account the pacifist position and the ethics of non-violence as the basis of moral principles is a very important matter for all humanity. In this regard, the study, taking into account the suffering of the Kazakh people during the Second World War, recommends introducing into scientific circulation the concept of “The Power of Words - The Power of Words” for the spiritual support of people in a situation of existential crisis. 6. The collapse of the Soviet Union created an existential crisis in the minds of people, formed as a consequence of the collapse of Soviet ideology and a return to original national origins. In this regard, in the context of the research carried out, methods of hermeneutics, content analysis, interviewing, statistical data processing, etc. were applied. As a nation that highly values freedom, one of the indispensable obligations of scientific analysis has been to master the heritage of our ancestors. Therefore, in this context, it seems very important to include the phenomenon of “Turn to national existence” among the problems of the subject of philosophical reflection. Justification for the novelty and importance of the results obtained: 1. The essence of intentionality in the life-meaning issues of nomadic civilization is revealed; 2. Existential categories are defined that are prerequisites for the concept of “Bar Bolu” in the Kazakh tradition; 3. Through a historical and philosophical excursion, the existentials that make up human existence in the works of Kazakh thinkers are analyzed; 4. Existential experiences in the Kazakh worldview during the famine of the 30s of the twentieth century are analyzed from the point of view of philosophical reflection; 5. By analyzing the memories of the heroes of the Second World War, we propose to introduce into scientific circulation the existential concept “Soz kuaty”; 6. As a result of studying the influence of the collapse of the USSR on the worldview of the Kazakhs, as well as using the example of the return of “Kandas” to their historical homeland, the phenomenon “Turn to national existence” was studied. Compliance with areas of scientific development or government programs. The dissertation work on the topic “Existential experiences in the Kazakh worldview in the twentieth century” is among the priority areas for the development of science in the Republic of Kazakhstan - 7. Research in the field of social and human sciences and the development of special science is among the specialized areas - 7.2. Fundamental, applied, interdisciplinary research in the field of sciences in the humanities: 7.2.6. The article of the programs corresponds to the commonality of history and culture, state literature and language, traditions and values in the context of modernization of society. Description of the applicant's contribution to the preparation of each publication. 7 scientific articles have been published on the dissertation research work: I. Articles in international peer-reviewed scientific journals Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus 1. Ahmet Yesevî’nin Hikmetlerindeki varoluş kategorilerinin yorumuna yönelimsel yaklaşim Türk kültürü ve Haci Bektaş Velî araştirma dergisi / Turkish culture and Haci Bektas Veli research quarterly Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Yaz - Haziran 2023, Sayı 106. – s. 265-276. II. In publications recommended by the authorized body 2. The existential reflection in kazakhstan society during the Great Patriotic War. Қарағанды университетінің Хабаршысы Тарих. Философия сериясы. № 3(103)/2021, 188-196 p. 3. The emergence of existential experiences: the impact of the pandemic on Kazakhstanis. «Әл-Фараби» әлеуметтік-гуманитарлық зерттеулер журналы. № 4 (76) 2021, 144-153 p. 4. Manifestations of existential experiences during the collapse of the USSR in kazakh society. Қарағанды университетінің Хабаршысы Тарих. Философия сериясы. №2 (106)/2022, 256-263 бет. 5. «Dictum acerbum»: existential experiences in the Kazakh worldview during the Holodomor. Қарағанды университетінің хабаршысы Тарих. Философия сериясы. № 4 (108)/2022, 357-364 p. In the process of writing articles published in publications recommended by the authorized body, scientific research was carried out using and analyzing real historical documents and interviews of descendants of witnesses of the Holodomor, witnesses of the collapse of the USSR. III. Publications in scientific publications of the Republic of Kazakhstan 6. Göçebe Medeniyetinde Varoluşçuluk Dünya Görüşü.. Ясауи университетінің хабаршысы ғылыми журналы, №2 (120) 2021, s. 38-49. To write the article, a content analysis was carried out, as well as a comparative analysis of the worldview of Kazakh thinkers and the works of Western philosophies in assessing nomadic civilization. IV. In collections of international scientific and practical conferences 7. Өмірдің мәні-экзистенциалды мәселе ретінде. Диалог культур Востока и Запада через призму единства и многообразия в преемственности и модернизации общественного сознания: Древний мир, Средневековье, Новое время: сборник научных статей/отв.ред. В.Н. Вдовин-Алматы: Институт философии, политологии и религиоведения КН МОН РК, 2021. –360с. – С. 71-76. Since the goal of existentialism is the analysis of the meaning of human life, the phenomenon of life was analyzed by the method of phenomenological assessment.

Dissertation