Defense of the dissertation of Kozhbankhan Yerkesh for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the specialty «6D050200 - Political Science»
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, a dissertation defense for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Kozhbankhan Yerkesh on the topic «The relevance of the ideological state apparatuses in the formation of the national idea: on the example of Turkey and Kazakhstan» in the field of «6D050200 – Political Science».
The dissertation was carried out at the «Political Science» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.
The language of defense is kazakh
Official reviewers:
Simtikov Zhomart Kudaibergenovich - doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Political Science and Socio-Philosophical Disciplines of the Institute of History and Law of KazNPU. Abaya, specialty: «23.00.02 - Political institutions, ethnopolitical conflictology, national and political processes and technologies» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan).
Nuralina Botakoz Amangeldikyzy – Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor at the Faculty of the International Educational Corporation of the Kazakh-American University, specialty: «6D050200 - Political Science» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan).
Temporary members of the Dissertation Committee:
Altybasarova Meiramgul Armiyanovna – Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Toraigyrov University, specialty: «23.00.02 - Political institutions, ethnopolitical conflictology, national interests, political processes and technologies» (Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan).
Yermekbayev Adilbek Alpysbaevich – Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and World Economy of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, specialty: «6D020200 - International Relations» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan).
Mukhanova Gulmira Beksagatovna - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), senior lecturer at the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of Almaty Technological University, specialty: «6D050200 - Political Science» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan).
Sarsenbayeva Zhanar Ganievna – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, specialty: «23.00.02 - Political institutions, ethnopolitical conflictology, national interests, political processes and technologies» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan).
Scientific Advisors:
Gabdulina Bagysh Akhmetovna – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Political Science of L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan).
Ozbek Sinan – Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy at Kocaeli University (Izmit, Republic of Turkey).
The defense will take place on June 06, 2024, at 12:00 PM in the Dissertation Council in the field of personnel training «8D031 - Social Sciences» (6D050100 - Sociology, 6D050200 - Political Science, 8D03101 - Sociology, 8D03106 - Political Science) of the Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov to be held offline and online.
Link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/8114174324?pwd=dVhvaFdrUm9hRll6eTBsclhybUtvZz09
Conference ID: 811 4174 324
Access Code: DC9hpA
Address: Astana, A.Yanushkevich str., 6, 4-educational building of L.N. Gumilev ENU, auditorium 112.
Abstract (English): The dissertation work Kozhbankhan Yerkesh on the topic “The relevance of the ideological state apparatuses in the formation of the national idea: on the example of Turkey and Kazakhstan”, submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD ) in the specialty of doctoral student in the specialty “6D050200-Political Science” Relevance of the research topic . The relevance of the study is due to the specifics of the political situation in Kazakhstan, the need for scientific analysis of ideological processes to identify ways and opportunities to overcome the systemic crisis affecting various spheres of public life. As the practice of political reforms shows, an effective solution to economic, social, political and spiritual problems is possible only if there is a correct response to the challenges of modern society and competent consideration of the characteristics of the socio-cultural environment, the mentality of the population and national history. During a period of significant changes in the structure of society, it is extremely important to develop a model of the spiritual and ideological foundations of the new Kazakh statehood, combining the universal principles of democracy with the unique features of national culture. Interest in the development of a single national idea, which is a strong integrative factor, is becoming increasingly important and relevant for a society that is gradually fragmenting in the context of globalization. Of course, it is necessary to carefully study the fundamental principles, possibilities and principles of the formation of this idea, as well as to develop a mechanism for its adaptation to modern political ideologies. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the directions of global development so that this idea can become the basis for the formation of sustainable national policies. This requires a thorough analysis of the ideological apparatus of the state and its influence on the formation of the country’s ideological base. One of the most important conditions for maintaining national unity, especially in conditions of significant changes and crises, is the constant search for identity and national idea. Almost all countries of the world have gone through the process of searching for their unique national identity, consolidating the nation under one idea. In the United States, the "American Dream" has become such a symbol. At one time, General Charles de Gaulle set the goal of “the greatness of France.” The people of Japan have been motivated for many years by the idea of creating a “Japanese miracle.” In Kazakhstan and Turkey, the issues of formation and implementation of national identity and a consolidating national idea aimed at achieving the goals and principles of society also remain unresolved. Discussions about the national idea of the development of Kazakhstan and its role in the world community sharply unfolded at important moments in the history of society. This was reflected in the periods of the national liberation struggle of the Kazakh people against the colonial policy of the Russian Empire, as well as when the pride of the nation - representatives of Alash - gathered around the idea of Alash . These discussions continued both under Soviet rule and after Kazakhstan gained independence. The problem of the national idea became especially relevant when life circumstances that arose after the “January event” required an update of the concept of state development. The culture and political history of the Turkish people echo the culture and history of the Kazakh people. The problem of the formation of the Turkish nation and its spiritual idea of state development is especially relevant in the 19th and 20th centuries. During this time, Türkiye went through a number of historical stages that required the formation of a national identity. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, under the influence of the reformist efforts of the Ottoman Empire and the growing pressure of the Western powers, the question of the national development of Turkey became urgent. Subsequent events such as the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, participation in the First World War and the Greco-Turkish War increased the need to define the Turkish national idea. In the period after the establishment of the republic, Turkey faced new challenges, such as the introduction of secularism and the reforms carried out by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk . These measures were aimed at modernizing the country and revising its national identity in the modern world. Modern Türkiye is a country with a rich history, an important geopolitical location and a dynamically developing society. Over the past decades, Türkiye has undergone significant political, economic and sociocultural changes. Kazakhstan and Turkey, strengthening ties and mutual understanding, share a common historical heritage associated with ancient civilizations, cultural exchanges and the influence of various empires. This common heritage includes aspects such as shared historical events, cultural traditions, linguistic ties and much more. It should be noted that the geopolitical prospects of Kazakhstan represent the most important course of its foreign policy and strategic development. Deepening cooperation within the framework of the organization of Turkic states indicates Kazakhstan’s desire to strengthen its position in Central Asia and on the world stage. The approval of the document “Prospects for the Turkic World 2040” testifies to the long-term geostrategic vision of Kazakhstan in the context of the Turkic world. This move underscores the importance of cooperation with other Turkic states in the fields of politics, economics, culture and security. President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called the period of cooperation “the Turkic era!”, that is, “TURKTIME!” This means an emphasis on the development of the Turkic world during a period of intense change and challenge. This approach involves strengthening interaction between the Turkic peoples, expanding economic ties and strengthening political dialogue. In this regard, the study of the Turkish experience in the formation of the national idea is of significant scientific interest for Kazakhstan for several reasons. First, the historical ties between Kazakhstan and Turkey, rooted in common Turkic peoples and their cultural heritage, allow Kazakhstan to gain a deeper understanding of its roots and ideals. Secondly, it helps to strengthen friendly relations and exchange of experience between the two countries, which is an important element of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy. The third, like Turkey, is that Kazakhstan needs to define its national idea and consolidate society around common values. Thus, studying the Turkish experience helps strengthen unity and mutual understanding in the Turkic world, which is important for Kazakhstan’s cooperation strategy on an international scale. This study is relevant not only from the point of view of revealing historical and cultural ties between Kazakhstan and Turkey, but also from the point of view of making a significant contribution to the scientific field of Kazakhstan, conducting the necessary analyzes to develop a strategy for national self-determination in the modern global context. Object of study . The ideological apparatus of the state in the context of the formation of the national idea. Subject of study . The experience of Turkey and Kazakhstan in using the ideological apparatuses of the state to form a national idea and its influence on the political life of the two countries. Purpose and objectives of the study : to analyze the role of the ideological apparatus of the state in the formation of the national idea using the example of Turkey and Kazakhstan, to identify the main trends and features of this process in the two countries, to study the factors influencing the effectiveness of the use of the ideological apparatus in this context, and also to make recommendations for improvement this process in the context of the modern political situation. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1. Analysis of theoretical concepts used in political science to define the basic concepts of “idea”, nation and “national idea”. Based on this analysis, develop your own definition of these concepts: 2. Study of modern theories of ideology in political science and systematization of basic concepts and methodologies in order to determine the most suitable methodology for a given research work. 3. Study of the historical context of the formation of the national idea in this country, with special emphasis on the era of Kemalism and modern Turkey since the decline of the Ottoman Empire, and identifying the main elements that influenced the emergence of nationalist tendencies. 4. Conducting a comparative political analysis in order to identify similarities and differences in the context of the formation of the national idea in Turkey and Kazakhstan. 5. Identify the main stages in the history of the formation of the Kazakh national idea and identify the main factors that influenced the revival of the Kazakh national idea during these periods. 6. Analysis of modern trends in the formation of the national idea in Kazakh society, determining the main priorities of the national idea “ Zha n a k a z a k stan” and identifying the main structures of civil society that play an important role in its implementation as ideological apparatuses of the state. The chronological scope of the dissertation depends on the chosen topic and scope of research. Since the dissertation in this case concerns the history of the formation of the national idea in Turkey and Kazakhstan, as well as the analysis of modern trends, the chronological basis was determined as follows: - Consideration in the historical context of the formation of the national idea in Turkey from the era of the decline of the Ottoman Empire to the period of Kemalism; - The evolution of the concept of “Turkish-Islamic synthesis” and its influence on the formation of the national idea in modern Turkey; - Studying the stages of formation and development of the Kazakh national idea from the period of Tsarist Russia to the Soviet period; - Political analysis of modern trends in the formation of the national idea in Kazakh society today. Thus, the chronological framework of the dissertation covers periods from the 19th century to the present. Determining the chronological framework of the dissertation allows us to cover a wide range of historical periods and modern trends in the formation of the national idea in Turkey and Kazakhstan. This ensures completeness and depth of analysis and allows us to consider the various stages of development of the national idea in the two countries. Dissertation research methodology : the dissertation uses methods of comparative and systems analysis, sociocultural analysis, historical analysis and content analysis. The method of comparative analysis, used as the main one in this work, allows us to compare different cultures, their system of ideas and historical experience. Studying another culture is of particular importance at turning points: by studying the culture of another country, we understand ourselves better and solve the problem of grouping the population into a national threat in a new way. It should be noted that the purpose of comparative analysis is not to choose the only correct and reliable option, but to develop open-type thinking. System analysis allows us to better understand such a complex and multifaceted phenomenon as the national idea, to consider it in various (sociocultural, geopolitical, economic) aspects of the national idea. This method allows you to fully imagine the object under study, as well as the influence on it of the environment in which it is formed. Sociocultural analysis will allow us to study unique aspects of the political culture of Kazakhstan and Turkey. This method allows a deeper understanding of political phenomena, revealing the hidden roots of national myths, cultural customs and traditions. Knowledge of these aspects helps to strengthen and stabilize the national idea, and also increases the psychological readiness of various segments of the population to accept a certain model of the national idea as an integral element of life. The method of historical analysis allows us to identify the characteristics and properties of the phenomenon being studied at different stages of the existence of Kazakhstan and the Turkish states, and offers a fresh idea for predicting and assessing the long-term prospects of certain ideas in the future. Due to the fact that the study is not aimed at collecting empirical data, but at theoretical analysis of existing concepts and ideological trends, sociological methods such as surveys and interviews were not used in the research work. The main goal of this work is a qualitative political analysis of the ideological apparatus of the state and its role in the formation of the national idea. In addition, the term “apparatus” in research work is used to denote a systematic and organized mechanism, a set of experiences that perform specific functions. Within the ideological apparatus of the state, this word reflects the systemic and organized nature of institutions and organizations involved in the formation and dissemination of ideology. The use of the term "apparatus" is based on the following factors: Firstly, the ideological apparatus of the state functions as a system of organizations and institutions with a clear organizational structure and hierarchy. Secondly, the term “apparatus” reflects the consistency and sustainability of the activities of these institutions. They systematically and constantly perform their functions, which contributes to the sustainable formation and dissemination of ideology. Thirdly, the word “apparatus” indicates that ideological institutions and organizations function as a set of ideological practices that perform certain functions. From the point of view of scientific analysis, the use of the term “apparatuses” in research work helps to understand the organized and systematic nature of the activities of these institutions, as well as their significance in the formation and maintenance of the ideological structure of society. And the term “state” is used to denote the fact that these apparatuses are under the control or influence of state structures and perform tasks related to ensuring and supporting the national idea, promoting state values and strengthening statehood. Ideological apparatuses carry out their activities with the aim of forming among the population a certain worldview, ideological attitudes and statehood that correspond to the interests and priorities of the state. The scientific novelty of the dissertation is as follows: 1. The research work identifies and analyzes the main theoretical approaches to the concepts of idea, nation and national idea. Unlike previous studies, the dissertation proposes a new, integrated approach not only to the analysis of these concepts, but also to understanding their relationships. It reveals important connections between these concepts and presents a new theoretical framework that allows for a deeper understanding of the processes of formation of the national idea in the modern political context. 2. The dissertation proposes a new approach to the classification of modern theories of ideology in political science. Instead of the traditional approach limiting the analysis of ideological currents, this research work proposes an innovative methodology aimed at applying them to the analysis of the formation of national ideas in different national contexts. 3. The dissertation offers a new look at the process of formation of the national idea in Turkey with a special emphasis on the period of decline of the Ottoman Empire and Kemalism. This research work highlights the main elements and their influence on the formation of nationalist tendencies, emphasizing their significance in the context of modernization and national identity. 4. The dissertation offers a new analytical approach to the comparative political analysis of the formation of the national idea in Turkey and Kazakhstan, taking into account the historical, cultural and political characteristics of the two countries. Unlike previous studies limited to general overviews of each country, this research paper offers an integrated approach that identifies both unique similarities and distinct differences in trends in the formation of national ideas in different political contexts. 5. The dissertation offers a new chronological and analytical approach to determining the main stages in the formation of the Kazakh national idea and identifies the main factors that influenced the modernization of this idea. He also offers a comprehensive analysis that takes into account the internal and external factors that shaped the Kazakh national idea in different periods of history. 6. The dissertation offers a comprehensive analytical approach to the analysis of modern trends in the formation of the national idea in Kazakh society, which takes into account the interaction and influence of historical, cultural and political aspects on this process. Content analysis of messages, articles and interviews of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K. Tokayev allows us to identify the main topics, set priorities, highlight the main values and directions of his policy. The research work put forward the following scientific hypothesis : the processes of formation of a national idea in different countries depend on unique socio-economic, political and historical conditions in which the influence of capitalism, industrialization, political and intellectual movements plays an important role. The experience of Turkey and Kazakhstan is a clear example of the unique features of the formation of national ideas within the framework of the national liberation struggle for independence or the preservation of statehood. Political-intellectual institutions, such as the Alash movement in Kazakhstan or the Unity and Progress society ( Ittihat ve Terakki ") in Turkey" played a decisive role in this process as an ideological apparatus. Today in Kazakhstan, the National Kurultai and research institutes acquire special ideological significance in the process of forming the national idea. Theoretical significance The work is to expand the understanding of the importance of the ideological apparatus of the state in the formation of the national idea using the examples of Turkey and Kazakhstan. The study offers a new theoretical approach to the analysis of this problem, based on a comparative analysis of the experiences of the two countries and their historical context. The results obtained allow us to develop the theory of the formation of the national idea and expand knowledge in the field of political ideology. Practical significance of the work : the results of the study can be used in developing recommendations for the formation of a national idea in Kazakhstan and improving ideological work in this direction. These recommendations will help optimize the process of forming a national idea, which, in turn, will help strengthen the unity of society and solve current socio-cultural and political challenges facing the country. Level of study of the dissertation work . According to the results of analytical work carried out in the Scopus bibliographic database , which allows tracking the reference indicators of articles published in scientific journals, when searching for the terms “national idea”, “national identity”, “nationalism and nationalism”, “nationalism and ethnic politics”, the total number of works on the topic is 4,092. Three waves of dynamics of research work on the topic are observed. In the Scopus bibliographic database , 268 works on these topics were published in 2014, which was the first culmination of the indicator. While the second wave of momentum was published in 2017, 266 papers were published in 2017, and the third wave peaked in 2021 with a total of 259 papers published this year. This shows that the themes are "national idea" , “ national identity ”, “ nation and nationalism”, “nationalism and ethnic politics ” have not yet lost their meaning and are one of the pressing problems currently being studied in the field of science. the terms “state ideology” and “national ideology” were searched in the Scopus database . The search found that Professor Andrew F. from the University of Massachusetts is the most cited on the topic of “state ideology.” In particular, this scientist’s article “State ideology and the legitimation of authoritarianism: the example of post-Soviet Uzbekistan” was cited 44 times. In relation to "national ideology", the article "Return of the Aryan Myth: Tajikistan in Search of a Secularized National Ideology" by George Washington University professor Marlene Laruelle , a scholar who studies issues of ideology in post-Soviet states in depth, was cited 39 times. Using and referring to the works of Andrew March , Marlene Laruelle and other scholars with a high H- index when studying the problem of state-national ideology shows how important and weighty the research work is. Works of philosophers of the classical and modern period such as Gilles Deleuze , Max Weber, Theodor Adorno , Antonio Gramsci, Karl Marx, Karl Mannheim, Herbert Marcuse, Jürgen Habermas , Pierre Bourdieu , Karl Popper, John Robert Thompson and Michel Foucault, which feature prominently in the field of science - are the main works on the issue of "ideology". And the work of scholars such as Andrew Heywood , Terry Eagleton , Jan Rehman , Slavoj Žižek and Misa Parsa, who have given priority to the study of the problem of "political ideologies" and their nature, role and function in society, are among the major works. Here it is necessary to dwell on the work of Antonio Gramsci and Louis Althusser . This is due to the fact that the research of these two scientists is one of the fundamental works in the study of the problems of “criticism of ideology” and “theory of ideology.” Antonio Gramsci explored the basic nature of ideological hegemony in society in his collection of notes called The Prison Notebooks. It also emphasizes the importance of traditional and organic intellectuals and their main functions in the formation of ideological hegemony, which is described as “moral and intellectual leadership.” And Louis Althusser , who considered the problem of ideology in the context of the theory of psychoanalysis, puts forward a theory of ideology and the ideological apparatus of the state. According to this theory, it is recommended to consider the problem of ideology not from a metaphysical point of view, as a set of (false) consciousnesses, thoughts, certain views, but as a set of practices that generate subjects subordinate to authority and ensure the actions of subjects subordinate to social structures through various habits. In Turkey and neighboring Russia there are useful works born as a result of many years of research work on the topic of ideology. In Turkey, scholars such as Sherif Mardin , Sinan Uzbek, Mehmet Yetish , Tanil Bora conduct comprehensive research on the issue of ideology and still publish important works. It should be especially noted that the work “ Resmi Ideoloji Sözlüğü ", published as a result of collective work edited by Tolga Ersoy is one of the most important. This work deeply examines the activities of political and ideological structures that performed important functions in the formation of the Turkish Republic, and their ideological discourse. And in neighboring Russia, the topic of state ideology was studied by such scientists as Ursul A., Pugachev B., Dugin A., Zhukova N., Yakovlev A. It should be noted that one of the fundamental works is the work of S. G. Kara-Murza, who emphasizes the importance of intellectuals in the formation of ideological hegemony. In his work “Ideology and Its Mother Science,” he examines in detail the role of science and scientific thinking in the formation of a particular ideology and their methods of persuading the public. As for domestic science, in Kazakhstan there are a number of fundamental works in which the national idea is comprehensively studied and presented for scientific and expert analysis of state ideology. In domestic political science, the problems of the state ideology of Kazakhstan, national identity and the policy of forming national consciousness have been studied in the works of the authors Tazhin M., Shaukenova Z., Izotov M., Kosichenko A. and others. In addition, in Kazakhstan, 10 dissertations on the topic “national idea” have been written in the field of political science, including 1-PhD, 2-Doctoral and 7-PhD. In total, 10 dissertations have been written on the topic “ national identity ” , of which 5 are PhD and 5 are candidate dissertations. For example, Asem Kaydarova in her doctoral dissertation “Formation of the national idea of the Republic of Kazakhstan (political science analysis)” showed a general description of the phenomenon of the national idea of Kazakhstan in the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods, analyzed the process of modernization of the national idea over the years of independence. In Nurken's PhD thesis Aytymbetova “National identity - a factor in the formation of the political culture of Kazakhstan ” examines the ethnocultural symbolic meaning of history in the process of formation of the national identity and political culture of Kazakhstan. A Nurbek Pusyrmanov in his PhD dissertation “The National Idea as a Factor in the Consolidation of Kazakh Society” suggests that the process of transition of the Kazakh alphabet to the Latin script in the formation of national identity creates significant scientific and practical approaches to the destruction of negative psychological stereotypes and habits, old symbols. Also in the database of the website of national resources “www.nauka.kz” 29 research works on the topic “national idea” and 4 research works on the topic “national identity” were carried out. In Kazakhstan, 33 research works have been carried out on the topics “national idea”, “national identity”. Of these, 13 scientific works were carried out by KazNU named after. Al- Farabi , 10 – Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religion. As a result of the analysis of domestic and foreign works, it was established that there is a lack of political research work based on a comparative analysis of the ideological policy of Kazakhstan with the experience of a foreign state in the formation of a national idea and national identity. This research work, based on a comparative political analysis of the processes of formation of the national idea in Turkey and Kazakhstan, is aimed at presenting new prospects for political development. Basic provisions presented for defense . We propose to defend the following provisions achieved as a result of the study: 1.National idea is an abstract concept that includes a set of myths, symbols, historical memories and political strategic goals that form the common identity of an ethnic community and provide the basis for its mobilization to create a nation. This concept includes an understanding of the identity of an ethnic community, its glorious historical period known as the "golden age", as well as an assessment of future development and state values. The national idea is formed and spread thanks to the active actions and intellectual efforts of public leaders, thinkers and cultural figures. As a result, it influences the collective beliefs and actions of the population. 2.Instead of viewing ideology as a misconception about the world, as false consciousness, it is necessary to consider ideology as a practical tendency in practice. That is, ideology does not live in the “ world of ideas,” which is understood as the “ spiritual world,” but rather in institutions and the practices characteristic of them. There are institutions of formation and dissemination that contribute to the penetration of this or that idea into the public consciousness and its transformation into part of political reality. In political science, such institutions are defined as ideological apparatuses of the state. 3.The emergence and development of the national idea in Turkey was facilitated by the trend of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and in the process of founding the republic, the principle of Kemalism and secularism . In modern Turkey, a national idea based on the concept of “Turkish-Islamic synthesis” dominates. When conducting a political analysis of the transformations characterizing the formation and development of the national idea in Turkey, it was found that Islam is always an integral basis, reflecting continuity and consistency in all these periods. 4. The study confirms that there are significant differences in the process of nation formation in Western and Eastern countries due to economic, political and cultural factors, as well as historical context. According to the results of parallel political analysis, the development of capitalism and industrialization in Western countries in the 19th century became the main impetus for the formation of nation states and national identities, while in eastern countries such as Turkey and Kazakhstan, nationalism arose in response to external threats, intervention and colonial actions . And nationalism in the Soviet period was not only a means of control over society, but also a means of strengthening the power of the central government and maintaining a single ideological course within the Soviet Union. The idea of Kemalism in Turkey became the subject of a project to create a national secular state. 5.Political processes, such as the struggle of the Kazakh people against the colonial policies of Tsarist Russia, the Alash movement , as well as the use of the Soviet government as a means of strengthening nationalist power and strengthening public control, contributed to the formation of the national idea in Kazakhstan. In the post-independence period, Kazakhstan was dominated by the idea of multiculturalism and multinationality in order to ensure the unity and integrity of the people. Thus, the influence of social and political factors played a decisive role in the formation and development of the national idea of Kazakhstan, determining its contours and trajectory of evolution. 6.Today, the main priorities of the national idea “ Zhana” Kazakhstan " are the formation of an intellectual and high-quality nation, the modernization of the historical consciousness and memory of the nation and the value system. In this direction, the National Kurultai and the intellectual community, the education system and research institutes are of great importance. They must not only actively introduce a new national idea into the educational process and scientific research, but also carry out extensive work to form the identity, cultural heritage and values necessary to achieve their goals. In addition, they must act as a powerful ideological apparatus of the state, contributing to the creation and maintenance of a single national consciousness and national idea. Approbation of the obtained results . Based on the scientific results and final conclusions of the dissertation work, 7 articles were published in domestic and foreign publications, collections of materials from international scientific, theoretical, and practical conferences. Including 3 articles in journals included in the list approved by the committee for supervision in the field of education and science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 3 articles in the collection of materials of international scientific, theoretical and practical conferences, 1 article in the Scopus database . : 1. Problematic of mental formation in Kazakhstan: three-dimensional practice of the Muftiate as an mental state apparatus (an Althusserian analysis) International Journal of Law and Management (United Kingdom), Vol. 64 No. 3, pp. 273-291. ISSN: 1754-243 X DOI : https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2021-0191. 2. Frenchman Galyms Louis Althusserdin theories context ideology Ugymyn zhanadan Karastyru // Bulletin e them . L. N. Gumileva. Series of political sciences, regional studies, oriental studies, Turkic studies. No. 4 (125)/2018, p. 31-38. 3. Ideology hegemony kalyptasuynda intellectual manyzdylygy // Bulletin of them. L. N. Gumileva. Series of political sciences, regional studies, oriental studies, Turkic studies. No. 1 (126) / 2019, pp. 69-75. 4. “ Postshyndyk ” (“ Post - truth ”), media magazine sayasat // Bulletin of them. L. N. Gumileva. Series of political sciences, regional studies, oriental studies, Turkic studies. No. 1 (130) / 2020, pp. 145-153. 5. Islamic-Turkish synthesis as the dominant national idea of the Turkish Republic // Russia and Europe: the connection between culture and economy: Materials of the XXIX International Scientific and Practical Conference (March 5, 2021). Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 100-103. 6. The concept of “ nation building ” as one of the main elements in the implementation of state ideology // Youth in the socio-political processes of the modern world: materials of the IX International scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 60th anniversary of professor, candidate of philosophical sciences Gulnara Baiganovna Askeeva , Astana, 2019 , pp. 50-53. 7. National idea as a modern concept in the formation of a national state // Collection of reports of the XIV International Scientific Conference of Students and Young Scientists “ǴYLYM JÁNE BILIM - 2019”, Astana, 2019, pp. 5871-5873. Structure of the dissertation . The research work consists of definitions, abbreviations, introduction, three chapters, each of which consists of two sections, conclusion, list of references and applications in accordance with the structure and stated goals and objectives.
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