Defense of the dissertation of Kashkinbayeva Assem Tastemirovna for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the specialty «6D050200 - Political Science»

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, a dissertation defense for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Кашкинбаева Асем Тастемировна on the topic «Modern problems of inter-ethnic relations and ways to strengthen it: the example of the Turkestan region» by specialty «6D050200 – Political Science».

The dissertation was carried out at the «Political Science» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.

The language of defense is kazakh

Official reviewers:

Simtikov Zhomart Kudaibergenovich – doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Political Science and Socio-Philosophical Disciplines of the Institute of History and Law of KazNPU. Abaya, specialty: «23.00.02 – Political institutions, ethnopolitical conflictology, national and political processes and technologies» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan).

Nuralina Botakoz Amangeldikyzy – Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor at the Faculty of the International Educational Corporation of the Kazakh-American University, specialty: «6D050200 – Political Science» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan).

Temporary members of the Dissertation Committee:

Amitov Sultankozha Abdukadyrovich – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of History  and SGD of Kazakhstan Work, Kazakh National Medical University. Specialty: 22.00.04 – social structure, social institutions and processes  (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan). 

Kaliyev Ildar Abuzhanovich – Candidate of Political Sciences, «Toraighyrov University», Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences. Specialty: «23.00.02 – Political institutions, ethnopolitical conflictology, national interests and political processes, and technologies» (Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan).

Pusyrmanov Nurbek Serikuly – Doctor PhD, RSI «Institute of State History» MSHE RK, Director. Specialty «6D050200 - Political Science» (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan).

Scientific consultants:

Gabdulina Bagysh Akhmetovna – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Political Science of L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan).

Abdrahmanov Tolobek Abylovich – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Rector of the Kyrgyz National University named after J.Balasaguni (Bishkek, Republic of Kyrgyzstan).

The defense will take place on December 18, 2024, at 12:00 PM in the Dissertation Council for the training direction «8D031 – Social sciences» in the specialty «6D050200 – Саясаттану» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The defense meeting is planned to be held offline and online on the Zoom platform.

Link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/8114174324?pwd=dVhvaFdrUm9hRll6eTBsclhybUtvZz09 

Address: 010000 Kazakhstan, Astana, A.Yanushkevich str., 6, 4-educational building of  L.N. Gumilev ENU, auditorium 112.

Abstract (English): Тhe dissertation work Kashkinbayeva Assem Tastemirovna on the topic “Modern problems of inter-ethnic relations and ways to strengthen it: the example of the Turkestan region", submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ( PhD ) in the specialty of doctoral student in the specialty “6D050200-Political Science” Relevance of the research topic research is determined by the need for scientific understanding and forecasting of interethnic processes that significantly affect the socio-political and economic situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Issues of interethnic relations and language policy are increasingly becoming the subject of public debate. For Kazakhstan's society, characterized by polyethnicity and socio-cultural diversity, the task of developing an effective policy in the field of harmonization of interethnic relations, prevention and settlement of interethnic conflicts is urgent. It seems a logical statement that the favorable development of interethnic relations in a multinational country is one of the important factors of political stability. Harmonization of interethnic relations, ethnocultural development of peoples, ensuring rights and freedoms regardless of ethnicity, race and religion are among the primary goals of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There is a need to create models that allow us to quickly assess the real state of affairs, analyze possible problems of interethnic relations, and predict possible trends in their development.The problem of the emergence of ethnic conflicts in conditions of possible exacerbation of interethnic tension, factors of interethnic processes that are both prerequisites and consequences of ethnic conflicts and a number of other important aspects of interethnic relations in the republic has not been sufficiently developed in Russian science. Object of study Meanwhile, the expanding social scale of direct interethnic interaction, which takes place under the influence of the consequences of global processes, is increasingly becoming politicized and widespread. Subject of study The involvement of speakers of different cultures, behavioral strategies, national languages and ethnic stereotypes in direct interethnic contacts in various conditions of political and social interaction causes an increase in interethnic tension. It often leads to violence, conflict situations, and excesses. Of particular relevance is the study of the growing influence on political sentiments in society of ideologues of national policies declared and demonstrated by various kinds of socio-political movements of a nationalist, extremist nature. Therefore, the relevance of political science research is increasing. These points also determine the relevance of the dissertation research, showing the need for political action in relation to the real ethno-cultural state of society. Purpose and objectives of the study : The theoretical interest of the author of the dissertation research lies in the fact that the experience of resolving problems of interethnic relations in Kazakhstan affects not only ethnopolitical processes, but also is related to the fact that in our multiethnic society the question of ways of political and socio-cultural integration of ethnic groups remains difficult. The importance of studying the problems of the regional nature of interethnic relations in such a multiethnic macroregion, which is the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is due to the issue of national security. The chronological scope of the dissertation In particular, there is a complexity of the historical aspect of interethnic relations, which is associated with the relevance of studying interethnic relations within the framework of security problems in the Central Asian region. This region borders directly on the zones of long-term ethnopolitical conflicts, and also experiences certain difficulties due to stable demographic growth and migration processes. Therefore, constant attention is required to the situation in the ethnopolitical sphere, scientific analysis of the dynamics of interethnic relations in order to optimize the national policy of the state in this region. Dissertation research methodology : For the Turkestan region, these issues are among the key ones in the field of public administration, since the activities of the regions of our country are aimed at developing and strengthening interethnic relations, which play an important role in building a harmonious civil society. Regional instruments of interaction of ethnic groups can, in our opinion, become the basis for the development of an optimal model for the whole country, which should develop not towards the search for universal instruments for regulating interethnic relations, but towards the permissible multivariance of their development.The practical interest of the dissertation lies in the fact that Kazakhstan's policy in the interethnic sphere, which is currently ambiguously assessed by Kazakh society, needs to assess the existing results in the field of regulating interethnic relations and propose new mechanisms to strengthen them. We emphasize that in general, in modern Kazakhstan, state institutions and the expert community are experiencing a shortage of scientific and managerial practices in this area, and, consequently, in research on nation-building as a doctrinal policy in the field of ethnic integration. All of the above, of course, emphasizes the importance of analyzing the problems of interethnic relations. The object of the study is interethnic relations in the Kazakh society. The subject of the study: problems in the interethnic sphere in modern Kazakhstan and ways to solve the problem of strengthening interethnic relations (using the example of one of the most difficult regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan from the point of view of the ethnicity factor - the Turkestan region). The purpose of the study: to develop on the basis of a comprehensive study of problematic aspects of the development of the interethnic sphere in the Republic of Kazakhstan practical recommendations for the settlement of interethnic relations in a national and regional context. The scientific novelty of the dissertation is as follows: 1) to study theoretical and methodological approaches in the study of interethnic relations and conduct their comparative analysis; 2) to identify the specifics of the policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of settlement of interethnic relations in the context of global and regional institutional practices; 3) identify the factors influencing the state and dynamics of interethnic relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan; 4) to analyze interethnic interaction in the Republic of Kazakhstan based on the study of conflictological discourse in order to identify risk areas; 5) to assess the general state of the interethnic situation and problems of interethnic relations in the Turkestan region; 6) based on the modeling of interethnic relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan, to develop recommendations and proposals for the creation of mechanisms for the work of the state, using the example of the Turkestan region, with society to minimize interethnic tension in the country; Scientific novelty.There are relatively and completely new results in this dissertation work: - a comprehensive review of theoretical concepts has been carried out, thanks to which theoretical and methodological knowledge in the study of interethnic processes has been systematized, their comparative analysis has been carried out, the author's point of view on certain provisions of the scientific concepts under consideration has been proposed; - the specifics of current problems in the ethnopolitics of Kazakhstan are determined, specific factors of interethnic interaction of a conflict nature are analyzed; - the ways of their solution and improvement of the Kazakh model of civil identity on the example of the Turkestan region are proposed: - the analysis of the experience of foreign countries, in particular, the countries of the European Union, the USA, Canada, etc.; - a comprehensive analysis of the activity of users from the Turkestan region on various social media platforms was carried out; - a number of data on all types of media (TV channels, print media, Internet resources) have been processed and put into scientific circulation for the first time to cover interethnic topics; - a textual analysis of texts in social media and online media on interethnic topics was carried out; - the features of the formation of Kazakhstan's policy of regulating interethnic relations are determined and the possibilities of harmonizing interethnic relations through improving the activities of ethno-cultural centers, building new mechanisms of public control and systematizing the activities of the media and journalists in covering interethnic topics are identified. The study puts forward the following hypothesis: in the context of a globalizing world and the transformation of global and regional centers of power in modern Kazakh society, there are factors of interethnic tension of varying degrees of influence that can become serious challenges to statehood and require comprehensive impact on them from the state and society. This basic hypothesis in relation to the problems of interethnic relations in the region is transformed in the following prognostic assumption: the evolution of regional processes in the ethnosphere is associated with the ratio of civil and ethnic identities, as well as with the effectiveness of national policy in this area. Provisions to be defended: 1.The analysis of the main theoretical approaches in the study of interethnic interactions reveals the likelihood of exacerbation of interethnic problems in modern Kazakhstan's multiethnic society. The ethnic composition of the population of Kazakhstan during the period of its state independence was the result of a complex set of factors. In this regard, the settlement of interethnic relations should contribute to satisfying the cultural, socio-economic and other interests of all ethnic groups living on the territory of Kazakhstan within the framework of a civil, national identity of a supra-ethnic nature. 2.The Kazakh model of interethnic interaction was formed on the basis of the use of institutional practices of leading countries, adaptation of international experience. Building a model of state national policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which took place during the period of the country's independence, despite its methodological inconsistency, convincingly proved that the stable and successful development of the country depends on an effective ethnic policy. In order to make optimal decisions related to the field of interethnic contacts, it is necessary that the national and regional policy be real, justified, and have a specific institutional and legal framework. 3.In the context of the economic crisis and the increasing conflict potential, interethnic problems are exacerbating, which, due to a number of external and internal factors, retains the amplitude of growth. There is both a positive and a negative ethno-social mood in Kazakh society, due to property stratification, unequal access to power, social elevators, and occupation of specific economic niches by individual ethnic groups. In order to prevent interethnic conflicts, the main result of the strategy of strengthening interethnic harmony should be the processes of harmonization and humanization of the ethnic sphere, the formation of interethnic and interfaith tolerance. 4.The development of globalization processes in the modern world actualizes the problems of ethnic identity, strengthening public discussion around the problems of national languages, the preservation of centuries-old cultural traditions and ethnic characteristics, sometimes leading to clashes on ethnic grounds. In this context, the unifying and regulatory role of the state in strengthening interethnic harmony is increasing, since the state unites representatives of various ethnic groups to a greater extent. At the same time, the main task of the state is to coordinate the interests of all parties, create mechanisms for preventing, resolving and resolving conflicts on ethnic grounds.There is an urgent need for the State to develop a conceptual and institutional framework for regulating interethnic harmony, which will meet the requirements and realities of a particular region. The process of forming tolerance and civil identity requires the full participation of both state and broad public institutions, the direct contribution of all ethnic communities of the republic to the creation of national values as a condition for the formation of a nationwide model of interethnic harmony. The formation of a common civil identity in the country can contribute to the emergence of a national idea that will strengthen interethnic harmony. 5.In the modern world, the demand for a systematic approach to the work of the state in the interethnic sphere has increased. State policy should be aimed at forming the principles of tolerance and respect for every citizen, regardless of ethnicity. This work should accompany a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan from an early age throughout his life and cover all fields of interethnic interaction with the help of state institutions, the media, and public control bodies in order to prevent factors of possible conflict in this area. The theoretical and practical significance of the work is determined by the need for a comprehensive analysis and forecasting of trends in the development of interethnic relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The conclusions contained in the study will be useful both for use in the field of practical politics and in the development of a methodology for regulating interethnic relations. The research materials reveal the factors and dynamics of the development of interethnic relations in the short and long term and can become the basis for determining ways to regulate possible conflict situations in the regions of Kazakhstan.The factual and theoretical basis of the research is supposed to be used in the practical activities of state bodies and public organizations in the field of national, regional and local government. Approbation of the obtained results . Based on the scientific results and final conclusions of the dissertation work, 7 articles were published in domestic and foreign publications, collections of materials from international scientific, theoretical, and practical conferences. Including 3 articles in journals included in the list approved by the committee for supervision in the field of education and science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 3 articles in the collection of materials of international scientific, theoretical and practical conferences, 1 article in the Scopus database . : Structure of the dissertation.The work includes a list of notations and abbreviations, an introduction, three sections, a conclusion, a list of sources, as well as appendices.

Dissertation

List of Scientific Works

Consultant's Review

Foreign Consultant's Review

Conclusion of the Research Ethics Committee

Official Reviewer's Review

Official Reviewer's Review